Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.

Gardella, Marina - Musé, Pablo - Morel, Jean-Michel - Colom, Miguel

Resumen:

A complex processing chain is applied from the moment a raw image is acquired until the final image is obtained. This process transforms the originally Poisson-distributed noise into a complex noise model. Noise inconsistency analysis is a rich source for forgery detection, as forged regions have likely undergone a different processing pipeline or out-camera processing. We propose a multi-scale approach, which is shown to be suitable for analyzing the highly correlated noise present in JPEG-compressed images. We estimate a noise curve for each image block, in each color channel and at each scale. We then compare each noise curve to its corresponding noise curve obtained from the whole image by counting the percentage of bins of the local noise curve that are below the global one. This procedure yields crucial detection cues since many forgeries create a local noise deficit. Our method is shown to be competitive with the state of the art. It outperforms all other methods when evaluated using the MCC score, or on forged regions large enough and for colorization attacks, regardless of the evaluation metric.

Detalles Bibliográficos
2021
Este trabajo fue financiado por la beca de doctorado de la Región de París de la Región Île-de-France, la Red Internacional de Verificación de Datos (IFCN) y la Agence France Presse (AFP) a través del proyecto Enhancing Visual Forensics (Envisu4), el DGA Defals challenge n° ANR-16-DEFA-0004-01, MENRT y la Fundación Matemática Jacques Hadamard.
Blind estimation
Forged image detection
Heatmap
JPEG
Noise level function
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/7/7/119
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/46073
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
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author Gardella, Marina
author2 Musé, Pablo
Morel, Jean-Michel
Colom, Miguel
author2_role author
author
author
author_facet Gardella, Marina
Musé, Pablo
Morel, Jean-Michel
Colom, Miguel
author_role author
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collection COLIBRI
dc.contributor.filiacion.none.fl_str_mv Gardella Marina, Université Paris-Saclay, France.
Musé Pablo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.
Morel Jean-Michel, Université Paris-Saclay, France.
Colom Miguel, Université Paris-Saclay, France.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gardella, Marina
Musé, Pablo
Morel, Jean-Michel
Colom, Miguel
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-26T15:30:29Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-26T15:30:29Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv A complex processing chain is applied from the moment a raw image is acquired until the final image is obtained. This process transforms the originally Poisson-distributed noise into a complex noise model. Noise inconsistency analysis is a rich source for forgery detection, as forged regions have likely undergone a different processing pipeline or out-camera processing. We propose a multi-scale approach, which is shown to be suitable for analyzing the highly correlated noise present in JPEG-compressed images. We estimate a noise curve for each image block, in each color channel and at each scale. We then compare each noise curve to its corresponding noise curve obtained from the whole image by counting the percentage of bins of the local noise curve that are below the global one. This procedure yields crucial detection cues since many forgeries create a local noise deficit. Our method is shown to be competitive with the state of the art. It outperforms all other methods when evaluated using the MCC score, or on forged regions large enough and for colorization attacks, regardless of the evaluation metric.
dc.description.sponsorship.none.fl_txt_mv Este trabajo fue financiado por la beca de doctorado de la Región de París de la Región Île-de-France, la Red Internacional de Verificación de Datos (IFCN) y la Agence France Presse (AFP) a través del proyecto Enhancing Visual Forensics (Envisu4), el DGA Defals challenge n° ANR-16-DEFA-0004-01, MENRT y la Fundación Matemática Jacques Hadamard.
dc.format.extent.es.fl_str_mv 16 p.
dc.format.mimetype.es.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.citation.es.fl_str_mv Gardella, M., Musé, P., Morel, J. y otros. "Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation". Journal of Imaging. [en línea]. 2021, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1-16. DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7070119.
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/jimaging7070119
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 2313-433X
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/7/7/119
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/46073
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv en
eng
dc.publisher.es.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Imaging, vol. 7, no. 7, jul 2021, pp. 1-16.
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:COLIBRI
instname:Universidad de la República
instacron:Universidad de la República
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv Blind estimation
Forged image detection
Heatmap
JPEG
Noise level function
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.
dc.type.es.fl_str_mv Artículo
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
description A complex processing chain is applied from the moment a raw image is acquired until the final image is obtained. This process transforms the originally Poisson-distributed noise into a complex noise model. Noise inconsistency analysis is a rich source for forgery detection, as forged regions have likely undergone a different processing pipeline or out-camera processing. We propose a multi-scale approach, which is shown to be suitable for analyzing the highly correlated noise present in JPEG-compressed images. We estimate a noise curve for each image block, in each color channel and at each scale. We then compare each noise curve to its corresponding noise curve obtained from the whole image by counting the percentage of bins of the local noise curve that are below the global one. This procedure yields crucial detection cues since many forgeries create a local noise deficit. Our method is shown to be competitive with the state of the art. It outperforms all other methods when evaluated using the MCC score, or on forged regions large enough and for colorization attacks, regardless of the evaluation metric.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv Gardella, M., Musé, P., Morel, J. y otros. "Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation". Journal of Imaging. [en línea]. 2021, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1-16. DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7070119.
2313-433X
10.3390/jimaging7070119
instacron_str Universidad de la República
institution Universidad de la República
instname_str Universidad de la República
language eng
language_invalid_str_mv en
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network_name_str COLIBRI
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publishDate 2021
reponame_str COLIBRI
repository.mail.fl_str_mv karina.camps@seciu.edu.uy
repository.name.fl_str_mv COLIBRI - Universidad de la República
repository_id_str 4771
rights_invalid_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
spelling Gardella Marina, Université Paris-Saclay, France.Musé Pablo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.Morel Jean-Michel, Université Paris-Saclay, France.Colom Miguel, Université Paris-Saclay, France.2024-09-26T15:30:29Z2024-09-26T15:30:29Z2021Gardella, M., Musé, P., Morel, J. y otros. "Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation". Journal of Imaging. [en línea]. 2021, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1-16. DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7070119.2313-433Xhttps://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/7/7/119https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/4607310.3390/jimaging7070119A complex processing chain is applied from the moment a raw image is acquired until the final image is obtained. This process transforms the originally Poisson-distributed noise into a complex noise model. Noise inconsistency analysis is a rich source for forgery detection, as forged regions have likely undergone a different processing pipeline or out-camera processing. We propose a multi-scale approach, which is shown to be suitable for analyzing the highly correlated noise present in JPEG-compressed images. We estimate a noise curve for each image block, in each color channel and at each scale. We then compare each noise curve to its corresponding noise curve obtained from the whole image by counting the percentage of bins of the local noise curve that are below the global one. This procedure yields crucial detection cues since many forgeries create a local noise deficit. Our method is shown to be competitive with the state of the art. It outperforms all other methods when evaluated using the MCC score, or on forged regions large enough and for colorization attacks, regardless of the evaluation metric.Submitted by Ribeiro Jorge (jribeiro@fing.edu.uy) on 2024-09-24T21:08:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 24251 bytes, checksum: 71ed42ef0a0b648670f707320be37b90 (MD5) GMMC21.pdf: 56236159 bytes, checksum: 2bac1fdd5843c3dad23ece18b22e0204 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Machado Jimena (jmachado@fing.edu.uy) on 2024-09-26T14:33:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 24251 bytes, checksum: 71ed42ef0a0b648670f707320be37b90 (MD5) GMMC21.pdf: 56236159 bytes, checksum: 2bac1fdd5843c3dad23ece18b22e0204 (MD5)Made available in DSpace by Luna Fabiana (fabiana.luna@seciu.edu.uy) on 2024-09-26T15:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 24251 bytes, checksum: 71ed42ef0a0b648670f707320be37b90 (MD5) GMMC21.pdf: 56236159 bytes, checksum: 2bac1fdd5843c3dad23ece18b22e0204 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021Este trabajo fue financiado por la beca de doctorado de la Región de París de la Región Île-de-France, la Red Internacional de Verificación de Datos (IFCN) y la Agence France Presse (AFP) a través del proyecto Enhancing Visual Forensics (Envisu4), el DGA Defals challenge n° ANR-16-DEFA-0004-01, MENRT y la Fundación Matemática Jacques Hadamard.16 p.application/pdfenengMDPIJournal of Imaging, vol. 7, no. 7, jul 2021, pp. 1-16.Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)Blind estimationForged image detectionHeatmapJPEGNoise level functionForgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.Artículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionreponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaGardella, MarinaMusé, PabloMorel, Jean-MichelColom, MiguelProcesamiento de SeñalesTratamiento de ImagenesLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84267http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/46073/5/license.txt6429389a7df7277b72b7924fdc7d47a9MD55CC-LICENSElicense_urllicense_urltext/plain; charset=utf-844http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/46073/2/license_urla0ebbeafb9d2ec7cbb19d7137ebc392cMD52license_textlicense_texttext/html; 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públicahttps://udelar.edu.uy/https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/oai/requestkarina.camps@seciu.edu.uyUruguayopendoar:47712024-09-26T15:30:29COLIBRI - Universidad de la Repúblicafalse
spellingShingle Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.
Gardella, Marina
Blind estimation
Forged image detection
Heatmap
JPEG
Noise level function
status_str publishedVersion
title Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.
title_full Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.
title_fullStr Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.
title_full_unstemmed Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.
title_short Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.
title_sort Forgery detection in digital images by multi-scale noise estimation.
topic Blind estimation
Forged image detection
Heatmap
JPEG
Noise level function
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/7/7/119
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/46073