How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
Interpretación de los tests de sospecha e inicio de la terapia antibiótica empírica en infecciones urinarias
Interpretação dos testes de suspeita e início da antibioticoterapia empírica no caso das infecções urinárias
Resumen:
Introduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable. Objective: determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018. Results: 137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics. Conclusions: pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms’ low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials.
Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) son motivo de consulta frecuente. Los nitritos y la estearasa leucocitaria (EL) o leucocitos en orina son marcadores de sospecha, pero su presencia es variable. Objetivo: determinar la validez de los tests de sospecha y describir la indicación de antibióticos en función de los resultados. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de niños con sospecha de ITU estudiados con nitritos, EL y urocultivo entre 2016 y 2018.
Introdução: as infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são causa de consultas frequentes. Nitritos e esterase de leucócitos (EL) ou leucócitos na urina são os marcadores suspeitos, mas sua presença é variável. Objetivo: determinar a validade dos testes de suspeita e descrever a prescrição de antibióticos com base nos resultados. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de crianças com suspeita de ITU através de nitritos, EL e cultura de urina entre 2016-2018. Resultados: 137 pacientes foram analisados por suspeita de ITU e confirmou-se a cultura de urina em 27 deles (19,7%). Em crianças de 1 mês a 3 anos, o principal motivo para suspeita de ITU foi febre sem foco e sensibilidade a leucócitos / EL foi de 75%, especificidade de 65,6%, PPV 35,2% e VPN 91,3%. No caso de nitritos e EL, a sensibilidade foi de 43,7%, especificidade de 93,7%, VPP de 63,6% e VPN de 87%. No caso de crianças de mais de três anos de idade, a febre e sintomas urinários foram as suspeitas mais frequentes de ITU, mas com baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos foi de 72,7%, especificidade de 72,9%, PPV 38,1% e VPN de 92,1%. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos e nitritos foi de 63,6%, especificidade de 93,7%, PPV 70% e VPN 91,8%. 65% das crianças acima de 1 mês de idade com suspeita de ITU receberam antibióticos empiricamente. A UIT foi confirmada em apenas 29,6% daqueles que receberam antibióticos. Conclusões: há um excessivo diagnóstico de ITU em pediatria. A baixa sensibilidade e especificidade dos sintomas e testes de suspeita levam a um uso irracional de antimicrobianos.
| 2020 | |
|
Infecciones urinarias Antibacterianos Urinary tract Infections Anti-bacterial agents Infecções urinárias Antibacterianos |
|
| Español | |
| Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría | |
| Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay | |
|
https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74
https://doi.org/10.31134/AP.91.1.4 |
|
| Acceso abierto | |
| CreativeCommons by/4.0 |
| _version_ | 1872149965252329472 |
|---|---|
| author | Kuster, Natalia |
| author2 | Robino, Luciana |
| author2_role | author |
| author_facet | Kuster, Natalia Robino, Luciana |
| author_role | author |
| collection | Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Kuster, Natalia Robino, Luciana |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2020-02-01 |
| dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv | Introduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable. Objective: determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018. Results: 137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics. Conclusions: pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms’ low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials. Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) son motivo de consulta frecuente. Los nitritos y la estearasa leucocitaria (EL) o leucocitos en orina son marcadores de sospecha, pero su presencia es variable. Objetivo: determinar la validez de los tests de sospecha y describir la indicación de antibióticos en función de los resultados. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de niños con sospecha de ITU estudiados con nitritos, EL y urocultivo entre 2016 y 2018. Introdução: as infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são causa de consultas frequentes. Nitritos e esterase de leucócitos (EL) ou leucócitos na urina são os marcadores suspeitos, mas sua presença é variável. Objetivo: determinar a validade dos testes de suspeita e descrever a prescrição de antibióticos com base nos resultados. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de crianças com suspeita de ITU através de nitritos, EL e cultura de urina entre 2016-2018. Resultados: 137 pacientes foram analisados por suspeita de ITU e confirmou-se a cultura de urina em 27 deles (19,7%). Em crianças de 1 mês a 3 anos, o principal motivo para suspeita de ITU foi febre sem foco e sensibilidade a leucócitos / EL foi de 75%, especificidade de 65,6%, PPV 35,2% e VPN 91,3%. No caso de nitritos e EL, a sensibilidade foi de 43,7%, especificidade de 93,7%, VPP de 63,6% e VPN de 87%. No caso de crianças de mais de três anos de idade, a febre e sintomas urinários foram as suspeitas mais frequentes de ITU, mas com baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos foi de 72,7%, especificidade de 72,9%, PPV 38,1% e VPN de 92,1%. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos e nitritos foi de 63,6%, especificidade de 93,7%, PPV 70% e VPN 91,8%. 65% das crianças acima de 1 mês de idade com suspeita de ITU receberam antibióticos empiricamente. A UIT foi confirmada em apenas 29,6% daqueles que receberam antibióticos. Conclusões: há um excessivo diagnóstico de ITU em pediatria. A baixa sensibilidade e especificidade dos sintomas e testes de suspeita levam a um uso irracional de antimicrobianos. |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv | https://doi.org/10.31134/AP.91.1.4 |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74 |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv | spa |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74/61 |
| dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv | CreativeCommons by/4.0 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | Derechos de autor 2020 Natalia Kuster, Luciana Robino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | Archives of Pediatrics of Uruguay; Vol. 91 No. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay; Vol. 91 Núm. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay; v. 91 n. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 1688-1249 0004-0584 reponame:Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay instname:Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría instacron:Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Infecciones urinarias Antibacterianos Urinary tract Infections Anti-bacterial agents Infecções urinárias Antibacterianos |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections Interpretación de los tests de sospecha e inicio de la terapia antibiótica empírica en infecciones urinarias Interpretação dos testes de suspeita e início da antibioticoterapia empírica no caso das infecções urinárias |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| description | Introduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable. Objective: determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018. Results: 137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics. Conclusions: pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms’ low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | SUP-OJS_036106c19b1bbcc21e375e5b4084a326 |
| instacron_str | Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría |
| institution | Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría |
| instname_str | Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría |
| language | spa |
| network_acronym_str | SUP-OJS |
| network_name_str | Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:ojs.sup.org.uy:article/74 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría |
| reponame_str | Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay - Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría |
| repository_id_str | |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | Derechos de autor 2020 Natalia Kuster, Luciana Robino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CreativeCommons by/4.0 |
| spelling | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infectionsInterpretación de los tests de sospecha e inicio de la terapia antibiótica empírica en infecciones urinariasInterpretação dos testes de suspeita e início da antibioticoterapia empírica no caso das infecções urináriasKuster, NataliaRobino, LucianaInfecciones urinariasAntibacterianosUrinary tract InfectionsAnti-bacterial agentsInfecções urináriasAntibacterianosIntroduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable. Objective: determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018. Results: 137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics. Conclusions: pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms’ low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials. Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) son motivo de consulta frecuente. Los nitritos y la estearasa leucocitaria (EL) o leucocitos en orina son marcadores de sospecha, pero su presencia es variable. Objetivo: determinar la validez de los tests de sospecha y describir la indicación de antibióticos en función de los resultados. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de niños con sospecha de ITU estudiados con nitritos, EL y urocultivo entre 2016 y 2018. Introdução: as infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são causa de consultas frequentes. Nitritos e esterase de leucócitos (EL) ou leucócitos na urina são os marcadores suspeitos, mas sua presença é variável. Objetivo: determinar a validade dos testes de suspeita e descrever a prescrição de antibióticos com base nos resultados. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de crianças com suspeita de ITU através de nitritos, EL e cultura de urina entre 2016-2018. Resultados: 137 pacientes foram analisados por suspeita de ITU e confirmou-se a cultura de urina em 27 deles (19,7%). Em crianças de 1 mês a 3 anos, o principal motivo para suspeita de ITU foi febre sem foco e sensibilidade a leucócitos / EL foi de 75%, especificidade de 65,6%, PPV 35,2% e VPN 91,3%. No caso de nitritos e EL, a sensibilidade foi de 43,7%, especificidade de 93,7%, VPP de 63,6% e VPN de 87%. No caso de crianças de mais de três anos de idade, a febre e sintomas urinários foram as suspeitas mais frequentes de ITU, mas com baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos foi de 72,7%, especificidade de 72,9%, PPV 38,1% e VPN de 92,1%. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos e nitritos foi de 63,6%, especificidade de 93,7%, PPV 70% e VPN 91,8%. 65% das crianças acima de 1 mês de idade com suspeita de ITU receberam antibióticos empiricamente. A UIT foi confirmada em apenas 29,6% daqueles que receberam antibióticos. Conclusões: há um excessivo diagnóstico de ITU em pediatria. A baixa sensibilidade e especificidade dos sintomas e testes de suspeita levam a um uso irracional de antimicrobianos.Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría2020-02-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74https://doi.org/10.31134/AP.91.1.4Archives of Pediatrics of Uruguay; Vol. 91 No. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay; Vol. 91 Núm. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay; v. 91 n. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 1688-12490004-0584reponame:Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguayinstname:Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatríainstacron:Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatríaspahttps://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74/61Derechos de autor 2020 Natalia Kuster, Luciana Robinohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCreativeCommons by/4.02026-07-13T13:58:35Zoai:ojs.sup.org.uy:article/74Portal de revistashttps://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adpOrganización no gubernamentalhttps://www.sup.org.uy/https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/oaiUruguayopendoar:2026-07-13T13:58:35Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay - Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatríafalse |
| spellingShingle | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections Kuster, Natalia Infecciones urinarias Antibacterianos Urinary tract Infections Anti-bacterial agents Infecções urinárias Antibacterianos |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections |
| title_full | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections |
| title_fullStr | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections |
| title_short | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections |
| title_sort | How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections |
| topic | Infecciones urinarias Antibacterianos Urinary tract Infections Anti-bacterial agents Infecções urinárias Antibacterianos |
| url | https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74 https://doi.org/10.31134/AP.91.1.4 |