How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections

Interpretación de los tests de sospecha e inicio de la terapia antibiótica empírica en infecciones urinarias

Interpretação dos testes de suspeita e início da antibioticoterapia empírica no caso das infecções urinárias

Kuster, Natalia - Robino, Luciana

Resumen:

Introduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable. Objective: determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018. Results: 137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics. Conclusions: pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms’ low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials.

Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) son motivo de consulta frecuente. Los nitritos y la estearasa leucocitaria (EL) o leucocitos en orina son marcadores de sospecha, pero su presencia es variable. Objetivo: determinar la validez de los tests de sospecha y describir la indicación de antibióticos en función de los resultados. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de niños con sospecha de ITU estudiados con nitritos, EL y urocultivo entre 2016 y 2018.

Introdução: as infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são causa de consultas frequentes. Nitritos e esterase de leucócitos (EL) ou leucócitos na urina são os marcadores suspeitos, mas sua presença é variável. Objetivo: determinar a validade dos testes de suspeita e descrever a prescrição de antibióticos com base nos resultados. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de crianças com suspeita de ITU através de nitritos, EL e cultura de urina entre 2016-2018. Resultados: 137 pacientes foram analisados por suspeita de ITU e confirmou-se a cultura de urina em 27 deles (19,7%). Em crianças de 1 mês a 3 anos, o principal motivo para suspeita de ITU foi febre sem foco e sensibilidade a leucócitos / EL foi de 75%, especificidade de 65,6%, PPV 35,2% e VPN 91,3%. No caso de nitritos e EL, a sensibilidade foi de 43,7%, especificidade de 93,7%, VPP de 63,6% e VPN de 87%. No caso de crianças de mais de três anos de idade, a febre e sintomas urinários foram as suspeitas mais frequentes de ITU, mas com baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos foi de 72,7%, especificidade de 72,9%, PPV 38,1% e VPN de 92,1%. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos e nitritos foi de 63,6%, especificidade de 93,7%, PPV 70% e VPN 91,8%. 65% das crianças acima de 1 mês de idade com suspeita de ITU receberam antibióticos empiricamente. A UIT foi confirmada em apenas 29,6% daqueles que receberam antibióticos. Conclusões: há um excessivo diagnóstico de ITU em pediatria. A baixa sensibilidade e especificidade dos sintomas e testes de suspeita levam a um uso irracional de antimicrobianos.

Detalles Bibliográficos
2020
Infecciones urinarias
Antibacterianos
Urinary tract Infections
Anti-bacterial agents
Infecções urinárias
Antibacterianos
Español
Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría
Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay
https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74
https://doi.org/10.31134/AP.91.1.4
Acceso abierto
CreativeCommons by/4.0
_version_ 1872149965252329472
author Kuster, Natalia
author2 Robino, Luciana
author2_role author
author_facet Kuster, Natalia
Robino, Luciana
author_role author
collection Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Kuster, Natalia
Robino, Luciana
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-02-01
dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv Introduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable. Objective: determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018. Results: 137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics. Conclusions: pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms’ low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials.
Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) son motivo de consulta frecuente. Los nitritos y la estearasa leucocitaria (EL) o leucocitos en orina son marcadores de sospecha, pero su presencia es variable. Objetivo: determinar la validez de los tests de sospecha y describir la indicación de antibióticos en función de los resultados. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de niños con sospecha de ITU estudiados con nitritos, EL y urocultivo entre 2016 y 2018.
Introdução: as infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são causa de consultas frequentes. Nitritos e esterase de leucócitos (EL) ou leucócitos na urina são os marcadores suspeitos, mas sua presença é variável. Objetivo: determinar a validade dos testes de suspeita e descrever a prescrição de antibióticos com base nos resultados. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de crianças com suspeita de ITU através de nitritos, EL e cultura de urina entre 2016-2018. Resultados: 137 pacientes foram analisados por suspeita de ITU e confirmou-se a cultura de urina em 27 deles (19,7%). Em crianças de 1 mês a 3 anos, o principal motivo para suspeita de ITU foi febre sem foco e sensibilidade a leucócitos / EL foi de 75%, especificidade de 65,6%, PPV 35,2% e VPN 91,3%. No caso de nitritos e EL, a sensibilidade foi de 43,7%, especificidade de 93,7%, VPP de 63,6% e VPN de 87%. No caso de crianças de mais de três anos de idade, a febre e sintomas urinários foram as suspeitas mais frequentes de ITU, mas com baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos foi de 72,7%, especificidade de 72,9%, PPV 38,1% e VPN de 92,1%. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos e nitritos foi de 63,6%, especificidade de 93,7%, PPV 70% e VPN 91,8%. 65% das crianças acima de 1 mês de idade com suspeita de ITU receberam antibióticos empiricamente. A UIT foi confirmada em apenas 29,6% daqueles que receberam antibióticos. Conclusões: há um excessivo diagnóstico de ITU em pediatria. A baixa sensibilidade e especificidade dos sintomas e testes de suspeita levam a um uso irracional de antimicrobianos.
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.31134/AP.91.1.4
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74/61
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv CreativeCommons by/4.0
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Derechos de autor 2020 Natalia Kuster, Luciana Robino
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Archives of Pediatrics of Uruguay; Vol. 91 No. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28
Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay; Vol. 91 Núm. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28
Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay; v. 91 n. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28
1688-1249
0004-0584
reponame:Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay
instname:Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría
instacron:Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Infecciones urinarias
Antibacterianos
Urinary tract Infections
Anti-bacterial agents
Infecções urinárias
Antibacterianos
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
Interpretación de los tests de sospecha e inicio de la terapia antibiótica empírica en infecciones urinarias
Interpretação dos testes de suspeita e início da antibioticoterapia empírica no caso das infecções urinárias
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
description Introduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable. Objective: determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018. Results: 137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics. Conclusions: pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms’ low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
format article
id SUP-OJS_036106c19b1bbcc21e375e5b4084a326
instacron_str Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría
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instname_str Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría
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network_name_str Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay
oai_identifier_str oai:ojs.sup.org.uy:article/74
publishDate 2020
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría
reponame_str Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
repository.name.fl_str_mv Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay - Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría
repository_id_str
rights_invalid_str_mv Derechos de autor 2020 Natalia Kuster, Luciana Robino
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CreativeCommons by/4.0
spelling How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infectionsInterpretación de los tests de sospecha e inicio de la terapia antibiótica empírica en infecciones urinariasInterpretação dos testes de suspeita e início da antibioticoterapia empírica no caso das infecções urináriasKuster, NataliaRobino, LucianaInfecciones urinariasAntibacterianosUrinary tract InfectionsAnti-bacterial agentsInfecções urináriasAntibacterianosIntroduction: urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a cause of frequent consultation. Nitrites and leukocyte esterase (LE) or leukocytes in urine are suspected markers, but their presence is variable. Objective: determine the validity of the suspicion tests and describe the antibiotic prescription based on the results. Materials and methods: descriptive, retrospective study of children with suspected UTIs analyzed with nitrites, EL and urine culture between 2016 and 2018. Results: 137 patients were studied for suspected UTIs, and they were confirmed through urine cultures in 27 (19.7%). The main reason for suspected UTIs was fever of unknown origin (FUO) for children aged one month to 3 years of age, and leukocyte / LE sensitivity was 75%, specificity 65.6%, PPV 35.2% and NPV 91.3%. In the case of nitrites and LE the sensitivity was 43.7%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 63.6% and NPV 87%. For children of over 3 years of age, fever and urinary symptoms were the most frequent suspicion of UTI, but they showed low diagnostic sensitivity. Leukocyte sensitivity was 72.7%, specificity 72.9%, PPV 38.1% and NPV 92.1%. For leukocytes and nitrites, the sensitivity was 63.6%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 70% and NPV 91.8%. 65% of children of over 1 month of age with suspected UTI received empirical antibiotics. ITUs were confirmed in only 29.6% of those who received antibiotics. Conclusions: pediatric UTIs are over diagnosed. The symptoms’ low sensitivity and specificity as wekk as suspicion tests lead to an excessive use of antimicrobials. Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) son motivo de consulta frecuente. Los nitritos y la estearasa leucocitaria (EL) o leucocitos en orina son marcadores de sospecha, pero su presencia es variable. Objetivo: determinar la validez de los tests de sospecha y describir la indicación de antibióticos en función de los resultados. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de niños con sospecha de ITU estudiados con nitritos, EL y urocultivo entre 2016 y 2018. Introdução: as infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são causa de consultas frequentes. Nitritos e esterase de leucócitos (EL) ou leucócitos na urina são os marcadores suspeitos, mas sua presença é variável. Objetivo: determinar a validade dos testes de suspeita e descrever a prescrição de antibióticos com base nos resultados. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de crianças com suspeita de ITU através de nitritos, EL e cultura de urina entre 2016-2018. Resultados: 137 pacientes foram analisados por suspeita de ITU e confirmou-se a cultura de urina em 27 deles (19,7%). Em crianças de 1 mês a 3 anos, o principal motivo para suspeita de ITU foi febre sem foco e sensibilidade a leucócitos / EL foi de 75%, especificidade de 65,6%, PPV 35,2% e VPN 91,3%. No caso de nitritos e EL, a sensibilidade foi de 43,7%, especificidade de 93,7%, VPP de 63,6% e VPN de 87%. No caso de crianças de mais de três anos de idade, a febre e sintomas urinários foram as suspeitas mais frequentes de ITU, mas com baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos foi de 72,7%, especificidade de 72,9%, PPV 38,1% e VPN de 92,1%. A sensibilidade dos leucócitos e nitritos foi de 63,6%, especificidade de 93,7%, PPV 70% e VPN 91,8%. 65% das crianças acima de 1 mês de idade com suspeita de ITU receberam antibióticos empiricamente. A UIT foi confirmada em apenas 29,6% daqueles que receberam antibióticos. Conclusões: há um excessivo diagnóstico de ITU em pediatria. A baixa sensibilidade e especificidade dos sintomas e testes de suspeita levam a um uso irracional de antimicrobianos.Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatría2020-02-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74https://doi.org/10.31134/AP.91.1.4Archives of Pediatrics of Uruguay; Vol. 91 No. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay; Vol. 91 Núm. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay; v. 91 n. 1 (2020): Febrero; 21-28 1688-12490004-0584reponame:Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguayinstname:Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatríainstacron:Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatríaspahttps://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74/61Derechos de autor 2020 Natalia Kuster, Luciana Robinohttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCreativeCommons by/4.02026-07-13T13:58:35Zoai:ojs.sup.org.uy:article/74Portal de revistashttps://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adpOrganización no gubernamentalhttps://www.sup.org.uy/https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/oaiUruguayopendoar:2026-07-13T13:58:35Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay - Sociedad Uruguaya de Pediatríafalse
spellingShingle How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
Kuster, Natalia
Infecciones urinarias
Antibacterianos
Urinary tract Infections
Anti-bacterial agents
Infecções urinárias
Antibacterianos
status_str publishedVersion
title How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
title_full How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
title_fullStr How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
title_full_unstemmed How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
title_short How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
title_sort How to interpret suspicion tests and when to start empirical antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections
topic Infecciones urinarias
Antibacterianos
Urinary tract Infections
Anti-bacterial agents
Infecções urinárias
Antibacterianos
url https://adp.sup.org.uy/index.php/adp/article/view/74
https://doi.org/10.31134/AP.91.1.4