Locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma: diagnosis and treatment
Adenocarcinoma gástrico localmente avanzado : diagnóstico y tratamiento
Resumen:
Gastric adenocarcinoma is by far the most common cancer of the stomach, representing approximately 95% of all malignant tumors of this organ. Therefore, the term gastric cancer is commonly used as a synonym for gastric adenocarcinoma; and we will do so from this moment on in the present story. Gastric cancer is subdivided into early and advanced. The first is defined as one that does not infiltrate beyond the submucosal layer, regardless of whether there is lymph node involvement (may exist in 3 to 20% of cases; 3 to 5% for exclusively mucosal tumors). The importance of this subdivision is given by the important difference in onco logical prognosis, since early gastric cancer has a good prognosis overall, with a survival rate to 5 years from 80 to 95%. Unfortunately, in the West, including our country, more than 90% of adenocarcinomas Gastric diseases are diagnosed in an advanced stage, leading to a worse prognosis and requiring treatment strategies multimodal. In accordance with this reality, we have decided to refer exclusively to diagnosis and treatment of advanced gastric cancer, since it is by far the situation that the surgeon most frequently faces and all the oncology team in its usual practice in our country. Within advanced gastric cancers, at the time of diagnosis, approximately 50% present with incurable disease, especially due to extensive systemic or peritoneal metastatic spread. Less frequently it happens because they are unresectable tumors. These situations imply a poor prognosis, liable to treatment palliative, which can be very varied, multidisciplinary, adapted to each patient. In this story we will refer to resectable, non-metastatic advanced gastric cancer, in which the cancer team can act in a allegedly curative, since it is the situation in which surgery plays a preponderant role and where there have been the main controversies and advances in recent decades for these tumors.
El adenocarcinoma gástrico es por mucho el cáncer mas frecuente del estómago, representando aproximadamenteel 95% de todos los tumores malignos de dicho órgano. Por lo tanto, habitualmente el termino cáncer gástrico se utilizacomo sinónimo de adenocarcinoma gástrico; y así lo haremos a partir de este momento en el presente relato.El cáncer gástrico se subdivide en precoz y avanzado. El primero se define como aquel que no infiltra mas allá de lacapa submucosa, independientemente de si existe compromiso linfoganglionar (puede existir en 3 a 20% de casos; 3 a5% para tumores exclusivamente mucosos). La importancia de esta subdivisión esta dada por la importante diferenciaen el pronostico oncológico, ya que el cáncer gástrico precoz presenta globalmente buen pronostico, con tasa de sobrevidaa 5 años de 80 a 95%. Lamentablemente, en occidente, incluido nuestro país, mas del 90% de los adenocarcinomasgástricos se diagnostican en etapa avanzada, conllevando un peor pronostico y requiriendo estrategias de tratamientomultimodales. De acuerdo con esta realidad, hemos decidido referirnos exclusivamente al diagnóstico y tratamientodel cáncer gástrico avanzado, ya que es por lejos la situación a la que mas frecuentemente se enfrenta el cirujano y todoel equipo oncológico en su practica habitual en nuestro país.Dentro de los canceres gástricos avanzados, al momento del diagnostico aproximadamente el 50% se presentan conenfermedad incurable, sobre todo por diseminación metastásica sistémica o peritoneal extensa. Menos frecuentementesucede por tratarse de tumores irresecables. Estas situaciones implican un pobre pronostico, pasibles de tratamientopaliativo, el cual puede ser muy variado, multidisciplinario, adaptado a cada paciente. En el presente relato nos referiremosal cáncer gástrico avanzado resecable, no metastásico, en el que el equipo oncológico puede actuar de formapretendidamente curativa, ya que es la situación en la que la cirugía juega un rol preponderante y donde se han dadolas principales controversias y avances en las ultimas décadas para estos tumores.
2018 | |
cáncer gástrico estómago neoplasmas tratamiento quirúrgico diagnóstico tratamiento m´`edico imagenología gastrectomía gastrectomía laparoscópica |
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Español | |
Sociedad de Cirugía del Uruguay | |
Relatos de los Congresos Uruguayos de Cirugía | |
https://revista.scu.org.uy/index.php/relatos/article/view/4837 | |
Acceso abierto |
Sumario: | Gastric adenocarcinoma is by far the most common cancer of the stomach, representing approximately 95% of all malignant tumors of this organ. Therefore, the term gastric cancer is commonly used as a synonym for gastric adenocarcinoma; and we will do so from this moment on in the present story. Gastric cancer is subdivided into early and advanced. The first is defined as one that does not infiltrate beyond the submucosal layer, regardless of whether there is lymph node involvement (may exist in 3 to 20% of cases; 3 to 5% for exclusively mucosal tumors). The importance of this subdivision is given by the important difference in onco logical prognosis, since early gastric cancer has a good prognosis overall, with a survival rate to 5 years from 80 to 95%. Unfortunately, in the West, including our country, more than 90% of adenocarcinomas Gastric diseases are diagnosed in an advanced stage, leading to a worse prognosis and requiring treatment strategies multimodal. In accordance with this reality, we have decided to refer exclusively to diagnosis and treatment of advanced gastric cancer, since it is by far the situation that the surgeon most frequently faces and all the oncology team in its usual practice in our country. Within advanced gastric cancers, at the time of diagnosis, approximately 50% present with incurable disease, especially due to extensive systemic or peritoneal metastatic spread. Less frequently it happens because they are unresectable tumors. These situations imply a poor prognosis, liable to treatment palliative, which can be very varied, multidisciplinary, adapted to each patient. In this story we will refer to resectable, non-metastatic advanced gastric cancer, in which the cancer team can act in a allegedly curative, since it is the situation in which surgery plays a preponderant role and where there have been the main controversies and advances in recent decades for these tumors. |
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