Ulcerated atheroma plaques carotid bifurcation and cerebral embolism

Placas de ateroma ulceradas de la bifurcación carotídea y embolismo cerebral

Abó, Juan Carlos

Resumen:

Arteriographic, surgical and fundus oculi findings in 32 patients with transitory ischemic brain attacks were analyze.d in order to determine pathogenic mechanisms. In 25 cases these findings confirm or strongly suggest that symptoms were due to microembolisms originated in ateromatous lesions in the carotid bifurcation. In all cases in which arteriography diagnosed ulcerated ateroma plates, this fact was confirmed by surgery. In 5 patients in which only wrinkled ateroma plates were diagnosed, surgery showed that these were ulcerated. Out of 11 patients with ocular symptoms, ipsilateral to the operated carotid lesion, the fundus oculi of 10 showed the existence of microembolism of the retina, mainly of the type of cholesterinic embolism. Three patients of this series presented completely smooth and severely stenosed ateroma plates, which suggests that in these cases te pathogenic mechanism was a reduction of the blood supply to the brain. We can therefore come to the conclusion that in the case of these patients with transitory ischemic brain accidents and ateromatous lesions in the carotid bifurcation, the most frequent pathogenic mechanism by far was microembolisms originated in these lesions. Brain and visual symptoms ceased in all patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, thus suggesting that this type of lesion requires surgical treatment.


Con el fin de determinar los mecanismos patogénicos, se han analizado los hallazgos arteriográficos, quirúrgicos y los datos del fondo de ojo en 33 pacientes con ataques isquémicos transitorios cerebrales. En 25 pacientes los hallazgos confirmaron o sugirieron fuertemente que los síntomas fueron debidos a microembolias a punto de partida de lesiones ateromatosas de la bifurcación carotídea. En todos los casos en que la arteriografía diagnosticó placas de ateroma ulceradas, este hecho fue confirmado por la intervención quirúrgica. En 5 enfermos donde sólo se afirmó el diagnóstico radiológico de placa de ateroma rugosa, la operación demostró que las mismas estaban ulceradas. En 11 enfermos con síntomas oculares ipsilaterales a la lesión carotídea operada, en 10 el fondo de ojo demostró la existencia de microembolias retinianas, principalmente del tipo de las embolias colesterínicas. En 3 enfermos de esta serie, las placas de ateroma eran completamente lisas y severamente estenosantes, lo que. sugiere en estos casos que el mecanismo patogénico fue la disminución del flujo sanguíneo cerebral. De este estudio se deduce que en los enfermos con accidentes isquémicos transitorios cerebrales y lesiones ateromatosas de la bifurcación carotídea, el mecanismo patogénico con mucho el más frecuente fue el de la microembolización a partir de estas lesiones. Los síntomas cerebrales y visuales cesaron en todos los pacientes sometidos a endarterectomía carotídea, lo que sugiere que el tratamiento quirúrgico debe ser recomendado para este tipo de lesiones.


Detalles Bibliográficos
1971
cerebro
insuficiencia
cerebro vascular
tratamiento quirúrgico
brain
insufficiency
vascular brain
surgical treatment
Español
Sociedad de Cirugía del Uruguay
Revista Cirugía del Uruguay
https://revista.scu.org.uy/index.php/cir_urug/article/view/2372
Acceso abierto
Resumen:
Sumario:Arteriographic, surgical and fundus oculi findings in 32 patients with transitory ischemic brain attacks were analyze.d in order to determine pathogenic mechanisms. In 25 cases these findings confirm or strongly suggest that symptoms were due to microembolisms originated in ateromatous lesions in the carotid bifurcation. In all cases in which arteriography diagnosed ulcerated ateroma plates, this fact was confirmed by surgery. In 5 patients in which only wrinkled ateroma plates were diagnosed, surgery showed that these were ulcerated. Out of 11 patients with ocular symptoms, ipsilateral to the operated carotid lesion, the fundus oculi of 10 showed the existence of microembolism of the retina, mainly of the type of cholesterinic embolism. Three patients of this series presented completely smooth and severely stenosed ateroma plates, which suggests that in these cases te pathogenic mechanism was a reduction of the blood supply to the brain. We can therefore come to the conclusion that in the case of these patients with transitory ischemic brain accidents and ateromatous lesions in the carotid bifurcation, the most frequent pathogenic mechanism by far was microembolisms originated in these lesions. Brain and visual symptoms ceased in all patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, thus suggesting that this type of lesion requires surgical treatment.