Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a benign pathology? analysis of 25 cases and review of the literature
Neumomediastino espontáneo: ¿una patología benigna? : análisis de 25 casos y revisión de la literatura
Resumen:
Introduction and objectives: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is defined as interstitial air in the mediastinum with no established primary cause that predominates in young adult males. The objective of this study is to inform about the usual management in our hospital and to propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm. Materials and methods: Descriptive and retrospective study of 25 cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum diagnosed at our hospital, in a period of 25 years. Demographic data, predisposing and triggering factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and recurrences were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 22 years, with asthma, drug inhalation, tooth extractions, or smoking as predisposing factors. The most frequent symptoms were chest pain, dyspnea, dysphonia, and dysphagia / odynophagia. The initial diagnosis was obtained by chest x-ray, sometimes being completed with computerized tomography, esophagogram, or laryngoscopy. All patients were admitted conservatively. During follow-up, 12 % presented recurrence of the pneumomediastinum, which resolved without complications. Discussion: The presence of free mediastinal air can be perceived as a finding of poor prognosis, but previous studies conclude that spontaneous pneumomediastinum has a benign course, although the diagnosis must be made by exclusion, since the bulk of the evidence is secondary pneumomediastinum. Conclusions: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign and infrequent entity that may have predisposing and triggering factors, although there is no apparent primary cause. It usually resolves conservatively in a few days, although there may be recurrences.
Introducción y objetivos: El neumomediastino espontáneo se define como aire intersticial en el mediastino sin causa primaria establecida que predomina en varones jóvenes adultos. El objetivo de este estudio es informar sobre el manejo habitual en nuestro hospital y proponer un algoritmo diagnóstico-terapéutico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 25 casos de neumomediastino espontáneo diagnosticados en nuestro hospital, en un período de 25 años. Se analizaron datos demográficos, factores predisponentes y desencadenantes, clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y recurrencias. Resultados: La edad media fue de 22 años, con asma, inhalación de drogas, extracciones dentarias o tabaquismo como factores predisponentes. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron dolor torácico, disnea, disfonía y disfagia/odinofagia. El diagnóstico inicial se obtuvo mediante radiografía de tórax, completándose en ocasiones con tomografía computarizada, esófagograma o laringoscopía. Todos los pacientes ingresaron manejándose de forma conservadora. Durante el seguimiento el 12 % presentó recurrencia del neumomediastino, resolviéndose sin complicaciones. Discusión: La presencia de aire libre mediastínica puede percibirse como hallazgo de mal pronóstico, pero estudios previos concluyen que el neumomediastino espontáneo cuenta con un curso benigno, aunque el diagnóstico debe hacerse por exclusión, pues el grosso de la evidencia lo constituye el neumomediastino secundario. Conclusiones:El neumomediastino espontáneo es una entidad benigna e infrecuente, que puede tener factores predisponentes y desencadenantes, si bien no existe causa primaria aparente. Se resuelve habitualmente de forma conservadora en pocos días, aunque pueden existir recurrencias.
2021 | |
neumomediastino aire ectópico enfisema subcutáneo enfisema mediastínico pneumomediastinum ectopic air subcutaneous emphysema mediastinal emphysema |
|
Español | |
Sociedad de Cirugía del Uruguay | |
Revista Cirugía del Uruguay | |
https://revista.scu.org.uy/index.php/cir_urug/article/view/4639 | |
Acceso abierto | |
CreativeCommons by-nc/4.0 |
Sumario: | Introduction and objectives: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is defined as interstitial air in the mediastinum with no established primary cause that predominates in young adult males. The objective of this study is to inform about the usual management in our hospital and to propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm. Materials and methods: Descriptive and retrospective study of 25 cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum diagnosed at our hospital, in a period of 25 years. Demographic data, predisposing and triggering factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and recurrences were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 22 years, with asthma, drug inhalation, tooth extractions, or smoking as predisposing factors. The most frequent symptoms were chest pain, dyspnea, dysphonia, and dysphagia / odynophagia. The initial diagnosis was obtained by chest x-ray, sometimes being completed with computerized tomography, esophagogram, or laryngoscopy. All patients were admitted conservatively. During follow-up, 12 % presented recurrence of the pneumomediastinum, which resolved without complications. Discussion: The presence of free mediastinal air can be perceived as a finding of poor prognosis, but previous studies conclude that spontaneous pneumomediastinum has a benign course, although the diagnosis must be made by exclusion, since the bulk of the evidence is secondary pneumomediastinum. Conclusions: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign and infrequent entity that may have predisposing and triggering factors, although there is no apparent primary cause. It usually resolves conservatively in a few days, although there may be recurrences. |
---|