CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations

Juan Pablo Sotelo Silva - Pablo Musé - Marina Gardella

Resumen:

The rapid adoption of diffusion and large-scale generative models has made it increasingly challenging to distinguish synthetic imagery from real photographs. While automated detectors have been proposed, their generalization to unseen generators remains brittle. To address this limitation, we investigate inter-channel color correlations, a lightweight and underexploited forensic cue. We first demonstrate that LPIPS, a widely used perceptual metric, exhibits inconsistent responses to perturbations that selectively alter channel dependence across different color-space parameterizations, indicating that cross-channel statistics are not uniformly constrained by common perceptual training objectives. Motivated by this, we analyze the distributions of pairwise inter-channel correlation features across multiple color spaces. Our analysis reveals systematic, generator-specific differences in these distributions, with RGB and Lab color spaces providing the most apparent separation between real and generated images. Building on this, we introduce Chroma, a detector of AI-generated images which augments standard RGB inputs with inter-channel correlation maps and employs a fixed CNN backbone trained with a modest computational budget. We assess its robustness under both single-generator training and a limited multi-generator supervision regime, where only a few samples from additional generators are available. Across a standard benchmark protocol, correlation-augmented inputs improve real-vs-generated discrimination and robustness, yielding performance competitive with recent detectors while maintaining a simple architecture and training procedure. Code is available at this https URL

Detalles Bibliográficos
2026
Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
AI-generated image detection
Synthetic image forensics
Inter-channel correlations
Color-space statistics
Ingeniería y Tecnología
Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Información
Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
Inglés
Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
REDI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/5638
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.08864
Acceso abierto
Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY)
_version_ 1875931091907379200
author Juan Pablo Sotelo Silva
author2 Pablo Musé
Marina Gardella
author2_role author
author
author_facet Juan Pablo Sotelo Silva
Pablo Musé
Marina Gardella
author_role author
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv a4ce09f01b5dd771727aa05c73851623
d6cd3d6af311cda25d62d1d20960ea76
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://redi.anii.org.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12381/5638/2/license.txt
https://redi.anii.org.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12381/5638/1/2606.08864v1.pdf
collection REDI
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Juan Pablo Sotelo Silva
Pablo Musé
Marina Gardella
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2026-08-19T14:04:38Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2026-08-19T14:04:38Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2026-06
dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv The rapid adoption of diffusion and large-scale generative models has made it increasingly challenging to distinguish synthetic imagery from real photographs. While automated detectors have been proposed, their generalization to unseen generators remains brittle. To address this limitation, we investigate inter-channel color correlations, a lightweight and underexploited forensic cue. We first demonstrate that LPIPS, a widely used perceptual metric, exhibits inconsistent responses to perturbations that selectively alter channel dependence across different color-space parameterizations, indicating that cross-channel statistics are not uniformly constrained by common perceptual training objectives. Motivated by this, we analyze the distributions of pairwise inter-channel correlation features across multiple color spaces. Our analysis reveals systematic, generator-specific differences in these distributions, with RGB and Lab color spaces providing the most apparent separation between real and generated images. Building on this, we introduce Chroma, a detector of AI-generated images which augments standard RGB inputs with inter-channel correlation maps and employs a fixed CNN backbone trained with a modest computational budget. We assess its robustness under both single-generator training and a limited multi-generator supervision regime, where only a few samples from additional generators are available. Across a standard benchmark protocol, correlation-augmented inputs improve real-vs-generated discrimination and robustness, yielding performance competitive with recent detectors while maintaining a simple architecture and training procedure. Code is available at this https URL
dc.description.sponsorship.none.fl_txt_mv Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
dc.identifier.anii.es.fl_str_mv POS_NAC_2023_1_178226
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.08864
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/5638
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://github.com/JPSoteloSilva/CHROMA
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv Acceso abierto
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY)
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:REDI
instname:Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
instacron:Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
dc.subject.anii.none.fl_str_mv Ingeniería y Tecnología
Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Información
Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv AI-generated image detection
Synthetic image forensics
Inter-channel correlations
Color-space statistics
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations
dc.type.es.fl_str_mv Preprint
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint
description The rapid adoption of diffusion and large-scale generative models has made it increasingly challenging to distinguish synthetic imagery from real photographs. While automated detectors have been proposed, their generalization to unseen generators remains brittle. To address this limitation, we investigate inter-channel color correlations, a lightweight and underexploited forensic cue. We first demonstrate that LPIPS, a widely used perceptual metric, exhibits inconsistent responses to perturbations that selectively alter channel dependence across different color-space parameterizations, indicating that cross-channel statistics are not uniformly constrained by common perceptual training objectives. Motivated by this, we analyze the distributions of pairwise inter-channel correlation features across multiple color spaces. Our analysis reveals systematic, generator-specific differences in these distributions, with RGB and Lab color spaces providing the most apparent separation between real and generated images. Building on this, we introduce Chroma, a detector of AI-generated images which augments standard RGB inputs with inter-channel correlation maps and employs a fixed CNN backbone trained with a modest computational budget. We assess its robustness under both single-generator training and a limited multi-generator supervision regime, where only a few samples from additional generators are available. Across a standard benchmark protocol, correlation-augmented inputs improve real-vs-generated discrimination and robustness, yielding performance competitive with recent detectors while maintaining a simple architecture and training procedure. Code is available at this https URL
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
format preprint
id REDI_d3a77a92d0ac25aacd5a16f153d075a2
identifier_str_mv POS_NAC_2023_1_178226
instacron_str Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
institution Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
instname_str Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
language eng
network_acronym_str REDI
network_name_str REDI
oai_identifier_str oai:redi.anii.org.uy:20.500.12381/5638
publishDate 2026
reponame_str REDI
repository.mail.fl_str_mv jmaldini@anii.org.uy
repository.name.fl_str_mv REDI - Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
repository_id_str 9421
rights_invalid_str_mv Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY)
Acceso abierto
spelling Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY)Acceso abiertoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2026-08-19T14:04:38Z2026-08-19T14:04:38Z2026-06https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/5638POS_NAC_2023_1_178226https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.08864The rapid adoption of diffusion and large-scale generative models has made it increasingly challenging to distinguish synthetic imagery from real photographs. While automated detectors have been proposed, their generalization to unseen generators remains brittle. To address this limitation, we investigate inter-channel color correlations, a lightweight and underexploited forensic cue. We first demonstrate that LPIPS, a widely used perceptual metric, exhibits inconsistent responses to perturbations that selectively alter channel dependence across different color-space parameterizations, indicating that cross-channel statistics are not uniformly constrained by common perceptual training objectives. Motivated by this, we analyze the distributions of pairwise inter-channel correlation features across multiple color spaces. Our analysis reveals systematic, generator-specific differences in these distributions, with RGB and Lab color spaces providing the most apparent separation between real and generated images. Building on this, we introduce Chroma, a detector of AI-generated images which augments standard RGB inputs with inter-channel correlation maps and employs a fixed CNN backbone trained with a modest computational budget. We assess its robustness under both single-generator training and a limited multi-generator supervision regime, where only a few samples from additional generators are available. Across a standard benchmark protocol, correlation-augmented inputs improve real-vs-generated discrimination and robustness, yielding performance competitive with recent detectors while maintaining a simple architecture and training procedure. Code is available at this https URLAgencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovaciónenghttps://github.com/JPSoteloSilva/CHROMAAI-generated image detectionSynthetic image forensicsInter-channel correlationsColor-space statisticsIngeniería y TecnologíaIngeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la InformaciónIngeniería Eléctrica y ElectrónicaCHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space CorrelationsPreprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/preprintUniversidad de la República. Facultad de Ingeniería//Ingeniería y Tecnología/Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Información/Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónicareponame:REDIinstname:Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovacióninstacron:Agencia Nacional de Investigación e InnovaciónJuan Pablo Sotelo SilvaPablo MuséMarina GardellaLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84967https://redi.anii.org.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12381/5638/2/license.txta4ce09f01b5dd771727aa05c73851623MD52ORIGINAL2606.08864v1.pdf2606.08864v1.pdfapplication/pdf9511736https://redi.anii.org.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12381/5638/1/2606.08864v1.pdfd6cd3d6af311cda25d62d1d20960ea76MD5120.500.12381/56382026-08-19 11:04:39.945oai:redi.anii.org.uy:20.500.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- Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovaciónfalse
spellingShingle CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations
Juan Pablo Sotelo Silva
AI-generated image detection
Synthetic image forensics
Inter-channel correlations
Color-space statistics
Ingeniería y Tecnología
Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Información
Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
title CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations
title_full CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations
title_fullStr CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations
title_full_unstemmed CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations
title_short CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations
title_sort CHROMA: Detecting AI-Generated Images through Inter-Channel Color-Space Correlations
topic AI-generated image detection
Synthetic image forensics
Inter-channel correlations
Color-space statistics
Ingeniería y Tecnología
Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería Electrónica e Ingeniería de la Información
Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/5638
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.08864