Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes
Resumen:
Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings but also represents a growing problem involving intensive animal production systems. In this study, we performed a microbiological and molecular investigation of priority pathogens carrying transferable resistance genes to critical antimicrobials in 1-day-old chickens imported from Brazil to Uruguay. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre. Antimicrobial resistance genes were sought by PCR, and clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) representative strains were sequenced by an Illumina and/or Oxford Nanopore Technologies device. Twenty-eight MDR isolates were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 14), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 11), or Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3). While resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins was due to blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCMY-2, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was associated with the qnrB19, qnrE1, and qnrB2 genes. Finally, resistance to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin was due to the presence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase rmtG and fosA-type genes, respectively. Short- and long-read genome sequencing of E. cloacae strain ODC_Eclo3 revealed the presence of IncQ/rmtG (pUR-EC3.1; 7,400 bp), IncHI2A/mcr- 9.1/blaCTX-M-2 (pUR-EC3.2, ST16 [pMLST; 408,436 bp), and IncN2/qnrB19/aacC3/aph(30)- Ib (pUR-EC3.3) resistance plasmids. Strikingly, the blaCTX-M-2 gene was carried by a novel Tn1696-like composite transposon designated Tn7337. In summary, we report that imported 1-day-old chicks can act as Trojan horses for the hidden spread of WHO critical-priority MDR pathogens harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and extended-spectrum b-lactamase genes in poultry farms, which is a critical issue from a One Health perspective.
| 2022 | |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación | |
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Extended-spectrum b-lactamase Multidrug-resistant pathogens 1-dayold chicks mcr-9 rmtG Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Ciencias Biológicas Biología Celular, Microbiología Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Veterinarias |
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| Inglés | |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación | |
| REDI | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/3977
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01675-21 |
|
| Acceso abierto | |
| Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY) |
| _version_ | 1873394394719059968 |
|---|---|
| author | Coppola, Nadia |
| author2 | Cordeiro, Nicolás Trenchi, Gustavo Esposito, Fernanda Fuga, Bruna Fuentes-Castillo, Danny Lincopan, Nilton Iriarte, Andrés Bado, Inés Vignolia, Rafael |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Coppola, Nadia Cordeiro, Nicolás Trenchi, Gustavo Esposito, Fernanda Fuga, Bruna Fuentes-Castillo, Danny Lincopan, Nilton Iriarte, Andrés Bado, Inés Vignolia, Rafael |
| author_role | author |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv | a4ce09f01b5dd771727aa05c73851623 7caea08de2b1027cdb58d590247d5a13 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv | MD5 MD5 |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv | https://redi.anii.org.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12381/3977/2/license.txt https://redi.anii.org.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12381/3977/1/Paper%20BB.pdf |
| collection | REDI |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Coppola, Nadia Cordeiro, Nicolás Trenchi, Gustavo Esposito, Fernanda Fuga, Bruna Fuentes-Castillo, Danny Lincopan, Nilton Iriarte, Andrés Bado, Inés Vignolia, Rafael |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-05-12T12:24:51Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv | 2025-05-12T12:24:51Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv | 2022-01-25 |
| dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv | Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings but also represents a growing problem involving intensive animal production systems. In this study, we performed a microbiological and molecular investigation of priority pathogens carrying transferable resistance genes to critical antimicrobials in 1-day-old chickens imported from Brazil to Uruguay. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre. Antimicrobial resistance genes were sought by PCR, and clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) representative strains were sequenced by an Illumina and/or Oxford Nanopore Technologies device. Twenty-eight MDR isolates were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 14), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 11), or Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3). While resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins was due to blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCMY-2, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was associated with the qnrB19, qnrE1, and qnrB2 genes. Finally, resistance to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin was due to the presence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase rmtG and fosA-type genes, respectively. Short- and long-read genome sequencing of E. cloacae strain ODC_Eclo3 revealed the presence of IncQ/rmtG (pUR-EC3.1; 7,400 bp), IncHI2A/mcr- 9.1/blaCTX-M-2 (pUR-EC3.2, ST16 [pMLST; 408,436 bp), and IncN2/qnrB19/aacC3/aph(30)- Ib (pUR-EC3.3) resistance plasmids. Strikingly, the blaCTX-M-2 gene was carried by a novel Tn1696-like composite transposon designated Tn7337. In summary, we report that imported 1-day-old chicks can act as Trojan horses for the hidden spread of WHO critical-priority MDR pathogens harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and extended-spectrum b-lactamase genes in poultry farms, which is a critical issue from a One Health perspective. |
| dc.description.sponsorship.none.fl_txt_mv | Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación |
| dc.identifier.anii.es.fl_str_mv | POS_FMV_2018_1_1007817 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv | https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01675-21 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/3977 |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.es.fl_str_mv | Universidad de los Andes |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/3973 |
| dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv | Acceso abierto |
| dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY) |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.source.es.fl_str_mv | American Society for Microbiology. |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | reponame:REDI instname:Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación instacron:Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación |
| dc.subject.anii.none.fl_str_mv | Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Ciencias Biológicas Biología Celular, Microbiología Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Veterinarias |
| dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv | Extended-spectrum b-lactamase Multidrug-resistant pathogens 1-dayold chicks mcr-9 rmtG |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes |
| dc.type.es.fl_str_mv | Artículo |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.es.fl_str_mv | Publicado |
| dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings but also represents a growing problem involving intensive animal production systems. In this study, we performed a microbiological and molecular investigation of priority pathogens carrying transferable resistance genes to critical antimicrobials in 1-day-old chickens imported from Brazil to Uruguay. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre. Antimicrobial resistance genes were sought by PCR, and clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) representative strains were sequenced by an Illumina and/or Oxford Nanopore Technologies device. Twenty-eight MDR isolates were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 14), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 11), or Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3). While resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins was due to blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCMY-2, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was associated with the qnrB19, qnrE1, and qnrB2 genes. Finally, resistance to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin was due to the presence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase rmtG and fosA-type genes, respectively. Short- and long-read genome sequencing of E. cloacae strain ODC_Eclo3 revealed the presence of IncQ/rmtG (pUR-EC3.1; 7,400 bp), IncHI2A/mcr- 9.1/blaCTX-M-2 (pUR-EC3.2, ST16 [pMLST; 408,436 bp), and IncN2/qnrB19/aacC3/aph(30)- Ib (pUR-EC3.3) resistance plasmids. Strikingly, the blaCTX-M-2 gene was carried by a novel Tn1696-like composite transposon designated Tn7337. In summary, we report that imported 1-day-old chicks can act as Trojan horses for the hidden spread of WHO critical-priority MDR pathogens harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and extended-spectrum b-lactamase genes in poultry farms, which is a critical issue from a One Health perspective. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | REDI_73f020a12ceaeb9d3d853fe782f351ff |
| identifier_str_mv | POS_FMV_2018_1_1007817 |
| instacron_str | Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación |
| institution | Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación |
| instname_str | Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación |
| language | eng |
| network_acronym_str | REDI |
| network_name_str | REDI |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:redi.anii.org.uy:20.500.12381/3977 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| reponame_str | REDI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | jmaldini@anii.org.uy |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | REDI - Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación |
| repository_id_str | 9421 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY) Acceso abierto |
| spelling | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional. (CC BY)Acceso abiertoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2025-05-12T12:24:51Z2025-05-12T12:24:51Z2022-01-25https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/3977POS_FMV_2018_1_1007817https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01675-21Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings but also represents a growing problem involving intensive animal production systems. In this study, we performed a microbiological and molecular investigation of priority pathogens carrying transferable resistance genes to critical antimicrobials in 1-day-old chickens imported from Brazil to Uruguay. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre. Antimicrobial resistance genes were sought by PCR, and clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) representative strains were sequenced by an Illumina and/or Oxford Nanopore Technologies device. Twenty-eight MDR isolates were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 14), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 11), or Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3). While resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins was due to blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCMY-2, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was associated with the qnrB19, qnrE1, and qnrB2 genes. Finally, resistance to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin was due to the presence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase rmtG and fosA-type genes, respectively. Short- and long-read genome sequencing of E. cloacae strain ODC_Eclo3 revealed the presence of IncQ/rmtG (pUR-EC3.1; 7,400 bp), IncHI2A/mcr- 9.1/blaCTX-M-2 (pUR-EC3.2, ST16 [pMLST; 408,436 bp), and IncN2/qnrB19/aacC3/aph(30)- Ib (pUR-EC3.3) resistance plasmids. Strikingly, the blaCTX-M-2 gene was carried by a novel Tn1696-like composite transposon designated Tn7337. In summary, we report that imported 1-day-old chicks can act as Trojan horses for the hidden spread of WHO critical-priority MDR pathogens harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and extended-spectrum b-lactamase genes in poultry farms, which is a critical issue from a One Health perspective.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e InnovaciónengUniversidad de los Andeshttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/3973American Society for Microbiology.reponame:REDIinstname:Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovacióninstacron:Agencia Nacional de Investigación e InnovaciónExtended-spectrum b-lactamaseMultidrug-resistant pathogens1-dayold chicksmcr-9rmtGCiencias Naturales y ExactasCiencias BiológicasBiología Celular, MicrobiologíaCiencias AgrícolasCiencias VeterinariasImported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase GenesArtículoPublicadoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleUniversidad de la República. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Higiene//Ciencias Naturales y Exactas/Ciencias Biológicas/Biología Celular, Microbiología//Ciencias Agrícolas/Ciencias Veterinarias/Ciencias VeterinariasCoppola, NadiaCordeiro, NicolásTrenchi, GustavoEsposito, FernandaFuga, BrunaFuentes-Castillo, DannyLincopan, NiltonIriarte, AndrésBado, InésVignolia, RafaelLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84967https://redi.anii.org.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12381/3977/2/license.txta4ce09f01b5dd771727aa05c73851623MD52ORIGINALPaper BB.pdfPaper BB.pdfapplication/pdf3242568https://redi.anii.org.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12381/3977/1/Paper%20BB.pdf7caea08de2b1027cdb58d590247d5a13MD5120.500.12381/39772025-05-12 09:24:53.83oai:redi.anii.org.uy:20.500.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de gobiernohttps://www.anii.org.uy/https://redi.anii.org.uy/oai/requestjmaldini@anii.org.uyUruguayopendoar:94212025-05-12T12:24:53REDI - Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovaciónfalse |
| spellingShingle | Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes Coppola, Nadia Extended-spectrum b-lactamase Multidrug-resistant pathogens 1-dayold chicks mcr-9 rmtG Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Ciencias Biológicas Biología Celular, Microbiología Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Veterinarias |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes |
| title_full | Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes |
| title_fullStr | Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes |
| title_short | Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes |
| title_sort | Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug- Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase Genes |
| topic | Extended-spectrum b-lactamase Multidrug-resistant pathogens 1-dayold chicks mcr-9 rmtG Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Ciencias Biológicas Biología Celular, Microbiología Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Veterinarias |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12381/3977 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01675-21 |