Manufacturing performance in international perspective: new evidence for the southern cone
Supervisor(es): Bértola, Luis - Camou, María
Resumen:
This dissertation aims to shed light on the performance of the manufacturing sector in three Latin American middle-income countries (Brazil, Chile and Uruguay) during the state-led industrialization period between 1930 and 1980. The inclusion of two rich countries with different trajectories (United States and Sweden), allows us to assess the manufacturing performance in a comparative perspective. This thesis: i) characterizes the productive structures of each country, ii) measures structural change and analyses its relation to manufacturing productivity growth and iii) identifies patterns of industrial growth related to different sub-periods. In addition, it estimates the productivity gap between Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay relative to the US and Sweden, in order to reveal whether convergence took place at the industry level. The results identify changes within the industrial sector in the three Latin American countries. However, the degree of transformation was weaker and limited in time for the case of Uruguay, followed by the Chilean experience with moderate advances, and finally the Brazilian case which showed profound and sustained changes over time. The Brazilian success was reflected in a reduction in structural heterogeneity and in its achievements in terms of structural change. Moreover, manufacturing convergence accelerated in Brazil in the 1960s, when the development model based on industrialization was deepened and different characteristics were adopted from those recorded in the first stage of industrialization. Structural change was weaker in Uruguay and mild in Chile, and the ability to reduce technological gaps with leaders was restricted to some industrial sectors associated with natural resources and with medium and high levels of industrial protection. The latter must also be linked to the different pace of industrialization in these two countries, especially in Uruguay, where the industrializing impulse was exhausted very early on.
El objetivo de la tesis es arrojar luz sobre el desempeño del sector manufacturero en tres países latinoamericanos de ingresos medios (Brasil, Chile y Uruguay) durante el período de industrialización dirigida por el Estado entre 1930 y 1980. La inclusión de dos países ricos con trayectorias diferentes (Estados Unidos y Suecia), nos permite evaluar el desempeño de la industria en una perspectiva comparativa. Esta tesis: i) caracteriza las estructuras productivas de cada país, ii) mide el cambio estructural y analiza su relación con el crecimiento de la productividad manufacturera e iii) identifica patrones de crecimiento industrial relacionados con diferentes subperíodos. Además, se estima la brecha de productividad entre Brasil, Chile y Uruguay en relación con Estados Unidos y Suecia, para revelar si hubo procesos de convergencia a nivel de la industria. Los resultados identifican cambios dentro del sector industrial en los tres países latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, el grado de transformación fue más débil y limitado en el tiempo en el caso de Uruguay, seguido por la experiencia chilena con avances moderados y, finalmente, el caso brasileño que mostró cambios profundos y sostenidos en el tiempo. El éxito de Brasil se reflejó en una reducción de la heterogeneidad estructural y en sus logros en términos de cambio estructural. Además, la convergencia manufacturera se aceleró en Brasil en los años sesenta, cuando se profundizó el modelo de desarrollo basado en la industrialización y se adoptaron características diferentes de las registradas en la primera etapa de la industrialización. El cambio estructural fue más débil en Uruguay y moderado en Chile, y la capacidad de reducir las brechas tecnológicas con los líderes se limitó a algunos sectores industriales asociados con los recursos naturales y con niveles medios y altos de protección industrial. Esto último también debe vincularse al diferente ritmo de la industrialización en estos dos países, especialmente en Uruguay, donde el impulso industrializador se agotó muy tempranamente.
2019 | |
Cambio estructural Heterogeneidad Brechas de productividad laboral Políticas industriales Perspectiva comparada HISTORIA ECONOMICA INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/23259 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
Sumario: | This dissertation aims to shed light on the performance of the manufacturing sector in three Latin American middle-income countries (Brazil, Chile and Uruguay) during the state-led industrialization period between 1930 and 1980. The inclusion of two rich countries with different trajectories (United States and Sweden), allows us to assess the manufacturing performance in a comparative perspective. This thesis: i) characterizes the productive structures of each country, ii) measures structural change and analyses its relation to manufacturing productivity growth and iii) identifies patterns of industrial growth related to different sub-periods. In addition, it estimates the productivity gap between Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay relative to the US and Sweden, in order to reveal whether convergence took place at the industry level. The results identify changes within the industrial sector in the three Latin American countries. However, the degree of transformation was weaker and limited in time for the case of Uruguay, followed by the Chilean experience with moderate advances, and finally the Brazilian case which showed profound and sustained changes over time. The Brazilian success was reflected in a reduction in structural heterogeneity and in its achievements in terms of structural change. Moreover, manufacturing convergence accelerated in Brazil in the 1960s, when the development model based on industrialization was deepened and different characteristics were adopted from those recorded in the first stage of industrialization. Structural change was weaker in Uruguay and mild in Chile, and the ability to reduce technological gaps with leaders was restricted to some industrial sectors associated with natural resources and with medium and high levels of industrial protection. The latter must also be linked to the different pace of industrialization in these two countries, especially in Uruguay, where the industrializing impulse was exhausted very early on. |
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