Advances and challenges to implementing the project: arsenic in Uruguayan groundwater and associated health risk
Avanços e desafios para a implementação do projeto: arsênio nas águas subterrâneas Uruguaias e risco associado à saúde
Resumen:
In Uruguay there is a great concern about the arsenic (As) geogenic contamination in groundwater as an environmental health problem, after rather high levels of As in groundwater in some areas (above 20 μg L-1) were reported and considering that the majority of the rural population consumes drinking water from private aquifer wells. On the other hand, Uruguay has an abundance of wells and quality groundwater, and it is vital to protect Uruguayan aquifers as important resources. In this respect we proposed and started to implement a multidisciplinary and interinstitutional program: AsURU Project (“Arsenic in Uruguayan groundwater and associated health risk”) (website: facebook.com/AsURUArsenico) to address this environmental and health problem. Although there are no systematic studies on the quality of groundwater or on the incidence of health effects associated with As exposure, a medical geology study is being performed by the research team led by Nelly Mañay, Ph.D., to assess health risks retrospectively by correlating reported cancer incidence with As groundwater levels, distributed by different localities. The AsURU Project has developed a working plan that consists of: (a) identification of main Uruguayan aquifers with relevant As data, (b) subdivision in study areas, (c) establishment of geographically delimited pilot areas following specific criteria: i) areas which have drinking water supplied by aquifers with As levels above WHO guidelines; ii) should represent a significative extension of the concerned aquifer; iii) have enough information about the aquifer hydraulic parameters and iv) availability of quantitative data about population´s exposure timeline to groundwater and shreds of evidence about health adverse effects (d) hydrogeologic, hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical study to identify the origin of As and space-time mobility, (e) evaluation of As exposure through groundwater in the pilot areas, (e) recommend solutions like good construction and other remedial actions. The AsURU Project has seen great progress and also encountered challenges. Its main achievements in line with the proposed action plan have been: (1) the identification of pilot areas with As concentration levels in groundwater above 20 μg L-1 (max. permitted level as per Uruguayan regulations); and even with As level concentrations above 10 μg L-1 (max. permitted level as per WHO regulations). (2) the formation of three work groups to develop three related projects: the Groundwater Resource Group, the Chemistry and Medical Geology Group, and the North Littoral Group; (3) meetings were held, including the “I Symposium of Arsenic in Uruguayan Groundwater” in 2018, with the participation of various state-owned companies and the “II Symposium of Arsenic in Uruguayan Groundwater” in 2022. However, there is still no specific financial support for developing the program in its totality.
No Uruguai há uma grande preocupação sobre a contaminação geogênica do arsênio (As) em águas subterrâneas como um problema de saúde ambiental, depois que níveis bastante elevados de As em águas subterrâneas em algumas áreas (acima de 20 μg L-1) foram relatados e considerando que a maioria da população rural consome água potável de poços de aquíferos privados. Por outro lado, o Uruguai tem uma abundância de poços e águas subterrâneas de qualidade, e é vital proteger os aquíferos uruguaios como recursos importantes. A este respeito, propusemos e começamos a implementar um programa multidisciplinar e interinstitucional: AsURU Project ("Arsênio nas águas subterráneas uruguaias e risco de saúde associado") (site: facebook.com/AsURUArsenico) para abordar este problema ambiental e de saúde. Embora não haja estudos sistemáticos sobre a qualidade das águas subterrâneas ou sobre a incidência dos efeitos na saúde asociados à exposição ao As, um estudo geológico médico está sendo realizado pela equipe de pesquisa liderada por Nelly Mañay, Ph.D., para avaliar os riscos para a saúde retrospectivamente correlacionando a incidência relatada de câncer com os níveis de agua subterrânea do As, distribuídos por diferentes localidades. O projeto AsURU desenvolveu um plano de trabalho que consiste em: (a) identificação dos principais aquíferos uruguaios com dados As relevantes, (b) subdivisão em áreas de estudo, (c) estabelecimento de áreas piloto geograficamente delimitadas seguindo critérios específicos: i) áreas que têm agua potável fornecida por aquíferos com níveis As acima das diretrizes da OMS; ii) debe representar uma extensão significativa do aquífero em questão; iii) ter informações suficientes sobre os parâmetros hidráulicos dos aquíferos e iv) disponibilidade de dados quantitativos sobre o cronograma de exposição da população às águas subterrâneas e fragmentos de evidências sobre efeitos adversos à saúde (d) hidrogeológico, hidrodinâmico e hidrodinâmico estudo químico para identificar a origem de As e mobilidade espaço-tempo, (e) avaliação da exposição de As através das águas subterrâneas nas áreas piloto, (e) recomendação de soluções como boa construção e outras ações corretivas. O Projeto AsURU tem visto um grande progresso e também encontrou desafios. As suas principais realizações em conformidade com o plano de ação proposto foram: (1) a identificação de áreas-piloto com níveis de concentração de As em águas subterrâneas superiores a 20 μg L-1 (nível máximo permitido de acordo com a regulamentação uruguaia); e mesmo com concentrações de As superiores a 10 μg L-1 (nível máximo permitido de acordo com a regulamentação da OMS). (2) a formação de três grupos de trabalho para desenvolver três projetos relacionados: o Grupo de Recursos de Águas Subterrâneas, o Grupo de Geologia Médica e Química, e o Grupo Litoral Norte; (3) foram realizadas reuniões, incluindo o "I Symposium of Arsenic in Uruguayan Groundwater" em 2018, com a participação de várias empresas estatais e o "II Symposium of Arsenic in Uruguayan Groundwater" em 2022. No entanto, ainda não existe apoio financeiro específico para o desenvolvimento do programa na sua totalidade.
2023 | |
ANII: FMV_1_2017_1_135656 ANII: FMV_3_2022_1_172829 |
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Arsenic concentration Groundwater Pilot área Concentração de arsênio Águas subterrâneas Área piloto |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/42414 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial (CC - By-NC 4.0) |
Sumario: | In Uruguay there is a great concern about the arsenic (As) geogenic contamination in groundwater as an environmental health problem, after rather high levels of As in groundwater in some areas (above 20 μg L-1) were reported and considering that the majority of the rural population consumes drinking water from private aquifer wells. On the other hand, Uruguay has an abundance of wells and quality groundwater, and it is vital to protect Uruguayan aquifers as important resources. In this respect we proposed and started to implement a multidisciplinary and interinstitutional program: AsURU Project (“Arsenic in Uruguayan groundwater and associated health risk”) (website: facebook.com/AsURUArsenico) to address this environmental and health problem. Although there are no systematic studies on the quality of groundwater or on the incidence of health effects associated with As exposure, a medical geology study is being performed by the research team led by Nelly Mañay, Ph.D., to assess health risks retrospectively by correlating reported cancer incidence with As groundwater levels, distributed by different localities. The AsURU Project has developed a working plan that consists of: (a) identification of main Uruguayan aquifers with relevant As data, (b) subdivision in study areas, (c) establishment of geographically delimited pilot areas following specific criteria: i) areas which have drinking water supplied by aquifers with As levels above WHO guidelines; ii) should represent a significative extension of the concerned aquifer; iii) have enough information about the aquifer hydraulic parameters and iv) availability of quantitative data about population´s exposure timeline to groundwater and shreds of evidence about health adverse effects (d) hydrogeologic, hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical study to identify the origin of As and space-time mobility, (e) evaluation of As exposure through groundwater in the pilot areas, (e) recommend solutions like good construction and other remedial actions. The AsURU Project has seen great progress and also encountered challenges. Its main achievements in line with the proposed action plan have been: (1) the identification of pilot areas with As concentration levels in groundwater above 20 μg L-1 (max. permitted level as per Uruguayan regulations); and even with As level concentrations above 10 μg L-1 (max. permitted level as per WHO regulations). (2) the formation of three work groups to develop three related projects: the Groundwater Resource Group, the Chemistry and Medical Geology Group, and the North Littoral Group; (3) meetings were held, including the “I Symposium of Arsenic in Uruguayan Groundwater” in 2018, with the participation of various state-owned companies and the “II Symposium of Arsenic in Uruguayan Groundwater” in 2022. However, there is still no specific financial support for developing the program in its totality. |
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