On Capital: an essay on inequality, capital and value theory

De Rosa, Mauricio

Resumen:

Capital is back at the center of the empirical distributional research agenda. New estimates of wealth accumulation, distribution and inheritance, fully consistent with national accounts' definitions and deeply rooted in standard neoclassical growth models, are now available. This provides the new inequality literature with clearut insights and empirical firepower. But while the empirical flank is increasingly well protected, the theoretical one is exposed. I revisit the debates on the underlying theory of capital and document its drawbacks, highlighting that it is particularly ill-equipped for inequality analysis and that its central problem is the theory of value. Does this mean that we should to start anew? I argue on the contrary, showing that under a one-good model assumption, there is accounting correspondence with the labor theory of value, which gives room for reinterpretation of most available estimates. Moreover, it is possible to establish clear accounting links between famous drivers of the economic system such as r>g and Marx's falling rate of profits. However, even under this accounting correspondence, taking distance from the scarcity theory of value has relevant implications for the inequality narrative, insofar it forces us to abandon the merit-inheritance discussion to include the role of exploitation. Keywords: prenatal visits, weeks of gestation, premature births, vital statistics, household surveys, validation.


El capital vuelve a estar en el centro de la agenda de investigación distributiva. Nuevas estimaciones sobre acumulación, distribución de la riqueza y herencia, consistentes con las definiciones de las cuentas nacionales y profundamente arraigadas en los modelos de crecimiento neoclásicos se encuentran ahora disponibles. Esto le otorga a la nueva literatura sobre desigualdad interpretaciones claras y potencia de fuego empírica. Pero mientras el flanco empírico está crecientemente protegido, el teórico está descubierto. En este artículo, reviso los debates sobre la teoría del capital y documento sus inconvenientes, destacando que está particularmente mal equipada para el análisis de la desigualdad y que su problema central es la teoría del valor. ¿Significa esto que debemos empezar de nuevo? Argumento en contrario, mostrando que bajo el modelo de un solo bien, existe una correspondencia contable con la teoría del valor trabajo, lo que permite reinterpretar la mayoría de las estimaciones disponibles. Por otra parte, muestro que es posible establecer vínculos contables claros entre famosos determinantes del sistema económico, como r>g y la ley de la tendencia decreciente de la tasa de ganancia de Marx. Sin embargo, incluso bajo esta correspondencia contable, tomar distancia de la teoría de la escasez como fundamento del valor tiene implicaciones relevantes para la narrativa de la desigualdad, en la medida que nos obliga a abandonar la discusión sobre mérito-herencia para incluir el papel de la explotación.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2022
Teoría del capital
Cuentas nacionales
Desigualdad de riqueza
Historia del pensamiento económico
Capital theory
National accounts
History of economic thought
Wealth inequality
HISTORIA ECONOMICA
DISTRIBUCION DEL INGRESO
NEOCLASICOS
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/32743
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
Resumen:
Sumario:Capital is back at the center of the empirical distributional research agenda. New estimates of wealth accumulation, distribution and inheritance, fully consistent with national accounts' definitions and deeply rooted in standard neoclassical growth models, are now available. This provides the new inequality literature with clearut insights and empirical firepower. But while the empirical flank is increasingly well protected, the theoretical one is exposed. I revisit the debates on the underlying theory of capital and document its drawbacks, highlighting that it is particularly ill-equipped for inequality analysis and that its central problem is the theory of value. Does this mean that we should to start anew? I argue on the contrary, showing that under a one-good model assumption, there is accounting correspondence with the labor theory of value, which gives room for reinterpretation of most available estimates. Moreover, it is possible to establish clear accounting links between famous drivers of the economic system such as r>g and Marx's falling rate of profits. However, even under this accounting correspondence, taking distance from the scarcity theory of value has relevant implications for the inequality narrative, insofar it forces us to abandon the merit-inheritance discussion to include the role of exploitation. Keywords: prenatal visits, weeks of gestation, premature births, vital statistics, household surveys, validation.