Gender gaps and the role of female bosses: evidence from matched employer-employee administrative data

Ceni, Rodrigo - Galván, Estefanía - Parada, Cecilia

Resumen:

While a large body of literature has focused on identifying the causes of female under-representation at hierarchical positions, we still know little about the effects of having more women with decision-making power at top positions. Using matched employer-employee administrative data for Uruguay, this paper investigates how the gender composition at hierarchical positions of the firms affects the wage gaps among male and female employees. Our results show that having a higher proportion of female bosses at the firms leads to lower pay gaps. Including workers’ and bosses’ fixed effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity, we find that working in a firm with increasing participation of female bosses reduces the gender pay gap by between 1.15 and 4.27 log points. The gender pay gaps are substantially lower among civil servants compared to those of private workers, but even in these large public firms having female bosses reduces the gender wage gaps. We present suggestive evidence that gender differences in the entrance wage offered to males compared to that offered to female workers partially explain these results. Moreover, women working in public firms are between 2.9% and 4.3% more likely to be promoted when working for female bosses.


Gran parte de la literatura se ha centrado en identificar las causas de la subrepresentación femenina en los puestos jerárquicos, sin embargo, todavía sabemos poco sobre los efectos de tener más mujeres con poder de decisión en los puestos superiores. Utilizando datos administrativos emparejados de empleador-empleado para Uruguay, este documento investiga cómo la composición de género en los puestos jerárquicos de las empresas afecta las brechas salariales entre empleados y empleadas. Nuestros resultados muestran que, tener una mayor proporción de mujeres jefas en las empresas conduce a menores brechas salariales. Cuando se incluyen efectos fijos de los trabajadores y los jefes para dar cuenta de la heterogeneidad no observada, encontramos que trabajar en una empresa con una participación creciente de jefas reduce la brecha salarial de género entre 1,15 y 4,27 puntos logarítmicos. Las brechas salariales de género son sustancialmente más bajas entre los funcionarios públicos en comparación con las de los trabajadores privados, pero incluso en estas grandes empresas públicas, tener jefas reduce las brechas salariales de género. Presentamos evidencia sugestiva de que las diferencias de género en el salario inicial ofrecido a los hombres en comparación con el ofrecido a las trabajadoras explican parcialmente estos resultados. Además, las mujeres que trabajan en empresas públicas tienen entre un 2,9 % y un 4,3 % más de posibilidades de ser promovidas cuando trabajan para jefas.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2023
Gender gaps
Promotions
Firms
Bosses
Brechas de género
Firmas
Jefes
Promociones
ECONOMIA DOMESTICA
ECONOMIA DE GENERO
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/39750
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
Resumen:
Sumario:While a large body of literature has focused on identifying the causes of female under-representation at hierarchical positions, we still know little about the effects of having more women with decision-making power at top positions. Using matched employer-employee administrative data for Uruguay, this paper investigates how the gender composition at hierarchical positions of the firms affects the wage gaps among male and female employees. Our results show that having a higher proportion of female bosses at the firms leads to lower pay gaps. Including workers’ and bosses’ fixed effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity, we find that working in a firm with increasing participation of female bosses reduces the gender pay gap by between 1.15 and 4.27 log points. The gender pay gaps are substantially lower among civil servants compared to those of private workers, but even in these large public firms having female bosses reduces the gender wage gaps. We present suggestive evidence that gender differences in the entrance wage offered to males compared to that offered to female workers partially explain these results. Moreover, women working in public firms are between 2.9% and 4.3% more likely to be promoted when working for female bosses.