Mapeo asociativo de la resistencia a enfermedades del tallo y la vaina en germoplasma avanzado de arroz

Rosas Caissiols, Juan Eduardo

Supervisor(es): Jannink, Jean-Luc - Gutiérrez, Lucía - Germán, Silvia

Resumen:

Fungicides are sprayed over almost 100% of the Uruguayan rice crop area, mostly due to susceptibility of local cultivars to stem and sheath diseases caused by Nakataea oryzae (NO) and Rhizoctonia oryzae sativae (ROS). To breed new resistant cultivars, more efficient selection methods are required. Five greenhouse methods for greenhouse evaluation of resistance to NO and ROS were compared. A population of 641 indica and tropical japonica type advanced breeding lines were phenotyped for resistance to NO and ROS in greenhouse and in field trials. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the field and greenhouse phenotypic means, adjusted by plant height and flowering time. GWAS analysis detected 29 QTL for resistance to the studied diseases, independent of plant height and flowering time, explaining up to 43% and 21% of the phenotypic variance observed in field and greenhouse trials, respectively. A region on chromosome 9 explained more than 15% of the phenotypic variance of studied diseases. The identified QTL are useful for assisted selection of resistance to NO and ROS in INIA’s rice breeding program, without effects in plant height and flowering time, and with an efficiency comparable to that of the currently used field trials.


En Uruguay se aplican fungicidas en casi el 100% del área arrocera, debido principalmente a la susceptibilidad de los cultivares locales a las enfermedades del tallo causadas por Nakataea oryzae (NO) y Rhizoctonia oryzae sativae (ROS). Para obtener nuevos cultivares resistentes se requieren metodologías de selección más eficientes. Se compararon cinco métodos para evaluación de la resistencia a NO y ROS en invernáculo, identificándose el más adecuado. Una población de 641 líneas avanzadas de tipo indica y japonica tropical fue fenotipada para resistencia a NO y ROS en invernáculo y en ensayos de campo. Se realizó un estudio de asociación (GWAS) entre polimorfismos de un nucleótido (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) genómicos y las medias fenotípicas de resistencia corregidas por altura de planta y tiempo de floración. El análisis de GWAS detectó 29 QTL asociados con resistencia a las enfermedades estudiadas, independientes de altura de planta y largo de ciclo. Los QTL encontrados explicaron hasta el 43% y 21% de la varianza fenotípica en ensayos de campo e invernáculo, respectivamente. Se identificó una región en el cromosoma 9 que explicó más del 15% de la varianza fenotípica de las enfermedades estudiadas. Los SNPs identificados pueden ser utilizados para selección asistida de la resistencia a NO y ROS en el programa de mejoramiento genético de arroz de INIA, sin afectar la altura de planta y largo del ciclo, y con una eficiencia comparable a la de los actuales ensayos de campo.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2017
Phenotyping
GWAS
Aggregate sheath spot
Stem rot
Sheath blight
Fenotipado
Mancha agregada de las vainas
Pudrición del tallo
Tizón de las vainas
ARROZ
ENFERMEDADES DE LAS PLANTAS
RESISTENCIA A LA ENFERMEDAD
FENOTIPOS
GENOMAS
MAPAS GENETICOS
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/32558
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
Resumen:
Sumario:Fungicides are sprayed over almost 100% of the Uruguayan rice crop area, mostly due to susceptibility of local cultivars to stem and sheath diseases caused by Nakataea oryzae (NO) and Rhizoctonia oryzae sativae (ROS). To breed new resistant cultivars, more efficient selection methods are required. Five greenhouse methods for greenhouse evaluation of resistance to NO and ROS were compared. A population of 641 indica and tropical japonica type advanced breeding lines were phenotyped for resistance to NO and ROS in greenhouse and in field trials. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the field and greenhouse phenotypic means, adjusted by plant height and flowering time. GWAS analysis detected 29 QTL for resistance to the studied diseases, independent of plant height and flowering time, explaining up to 43% and 21% of the phenotypic variance observed in field and greenhouse trials, respectively. A region on chromosome 9 explained more than 15% of the phenotypic variance of studied diseases. The identified QTL are useful for assisted selection of resistance to NO and ROS in INIA’s rice breeding program, without effects in plant height and flowering time, and with an efficiency comparable to that of the currently used field trials.