A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi

Balouz, Virginia - Cepeda Dean, Aldana Alexandra - Romer, Guadalupe - Robello Porto, Carlos - Berná, Luisa - Buscaglia, Carlos A.

Resumen:

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, remains a major health and socioeconomic concern in Latin America. Despite its remarkable genetic diversity, high-quality genome assemblies are still limited, and even widely used laboratory strains remain uncharacterized. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the highly virulent RA strain (TcVI), generated using PacBio RSII long-read sequencing. Through the integration of exhaustively curated protein databases and custom-built bioinformatic tools, we improved gene annotation and achieved a comprehensive characterization of the genome. Within the RA genome we identified 17,037 genes conserved across the trypanosomatid clade and 6897 genes and pseudogenes belonging to T. cruzi-specific, rapidly evolving multigene families associated with host adaptation and pathogenicity. Leveraging our recently developed tool for high-throughput GC content profiling, we revealed that the RA genome is organized into 1331 isochore-like regions. This allowed, for the first time, a precise delineation of the so-called “core” and “disruptive” genomic compartments, refining previously proposed models through the identification of their exact genomic coordinates. Regions with GC content < 51%, representing approximately 45% of the genome and enriched in conserved, single-copy genes, were classified as “core”. In contrast, GC-rich regions (≥ 51%), enriched in multigene families and transposable elements, were defined as “disruptive”. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the disruptive compartment is not homogeneous: we identified four distinct subtypes within this compartment, each characterized by specific genomic distributions, sequence compositions, and likely distinct evolutionary trajectories. This level of resolution uncovers an additional layer of genome organization complexity previously unrecognized in T. cruzi. The complete and deeply annotated RA strain genome thus provides a valuable resource for the research community and offers new insights into the genome architecture and evolutionary dynamics of this neglected parasite.

Detalles Bibliográficos
2025
Trypanosoma cruzi
RA strain
PacBio RSII
Genome assembly
Multigene family
Genome architecture
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/53876
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
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author Balouz, Virginia
author2 Cepeda Dean, Aldana Alexandra
Romer, Guadalupe
Robello Porto, Carlos
Berná, Luisa
Buscaglia, Carlos A.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Balouz, Virginia
Cepeda Dean, Aldana Alexandra
Romer, Guadalupe
Robello Porto, Carlos
Berná, Luisa
Buscaglia, Carlos A.
author_role author
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collection COLIBRI
dc.contributor.filiacion.none.fl_str_mv Balouz Virginia
Cepeda Dean Aldana Alexandra
Romer Guadalupe
Robello Porto Carlos, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina.
Berná Luisa, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Biología.
Buscaglia Carlos A.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Balouz, Virginia
Cepeda Dean, Aldana Alexandra
Romer, Guadalupe
Robello Porto, Carlos
Berná, Luisa
Buscaglia, Carlos A.
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2026-03-13T16:47:52Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2026-03-13T16:47:52Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, remains a major health and socioeconomic concern in Latin America. Despite its remarkable genetic diversity, high-quality genome assemblies are still limited, and even widely used laboratory strains remain uncharacterized. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the highly virulent RA strain (TcVI), generated using PacBio RSII long-read sequencing. Through the integration of exhaustively curated protein databases and custom-built bioinformatic tools, we improved gene annotation and achieved a comprehensive characterization of the genome. Within the RA genome we identified 17,037 genes conserved across the trypanosomatid clade and 6897 genes and pseudogenes belonging to T. cruzi-specific, rapidly evolving multigene families associated with host adaptation and pathogenicity. Leveraging our recently developed tool for high-throughput GC content profiling, we revealed that the RA genome is organized into 1331 isochore-like regions. This allowed, for the first time, a precise delineation of the so-called “core” and “disruptive” genomic compartments, refining previously proposed models through the identification of their exact genomic coordinates. Regions with GC content < 51%, representing approximately 45% of the genome and enriched in conserved, single-copy genes, were classified as “core”. In contrast, GC-rich regions (≥ 51%), enriched in multigene families and transposable elements, were defined as “disruptive”. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the disruptive compartment is not homogeneous: we identified four distinct subtypes within this compartment, each characterized by specific genomic distributions, sequence compositions, and likely distinct evolutionary trajectories. This level of resolution uncovers an additional layer of genome organization complexity previously unrecognized in T. cruzi. The complete and deeply annotated RA strain genome thus provides a valuable resource for the research community and offers new insights into the genome architecture and evolutionary dynamics of this neglected parasite.
dc.description.es.fl_txt_mv Información complementaria en: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0
dc.format.extent.es.fl_str_mv 17 h
dc.format.mimetype.es.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.citation.es.fl_str_mv Balouz, V, Cepeda Dean, A, Romer, G [y otros autores]. "A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi". Scientific reports. [en línea] 2025, 15: 40000. 17 h. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 2045-2322
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/53876
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv en
eng
dc.publisher.es.fl_str_mv Nature
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Scientific reports, 2025, 15: 40000
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:COLIBRI
instname:Universidad de la República
instacron:Universidad de la República
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv Trypanosoma cruzi
RA strain
PacBio RSII
Genome assembly
Multigene family
Genome architecture
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
dc.type.es.fl_str_mv Artículo
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
description Información complementaria en: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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identifier_str_mv Balouz, V, Cepeda Dean, A, Romer, G [y otros autores]. "A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi". Scientific reports. [en línea] 2025, 15: 40000. 17 h. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0
2045-2322
10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0
instacron_str Universidad de la República
institution Universidad de la República
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language eng
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oai_identifier_str oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/53876
publishDate 2025
reponame_str COLIBRI
repository.mail.fl_str_mv karina.camps@seciu.edu.uy
repository.name.fl_str_mv COLIBRI - Universidad de la República
repository_id_str 4771
rights_invalid_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
spelling Balouz VirginiaCepeda Dean Aldana AlexandraRomer GuadalupeRobello Porto Carlos, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina.Berná Luisa, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Biología.Buscaglia Carlos A.2026-03-13T16:47:52Z2026-03-13T16:47:52Z2025Balouz, V, Cepeda Dean, A, Romer, G [y otros autores]. "A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi". Scientific reports. [en línea] 2025, 15: 40000. 17 h. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-02045-2322https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/5387610.1038/s41598-025-23742-0Información complementaria en: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, remains a major health and socioeconomic concern in Latin America. Despite its remarkable genetic diversity, high-quality genome assemblies are still limited, and even widely used laboratory strains remain uncharacterized. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the highly virulent RA strain (TcVI), generated using PacBio RSII long-read sequencing. Through the integration of exhaustively curated protein databases and custom-built bioinformatic tools, we improved gene annotation and achieved a comprehensive characterization of the genome. Within the RA genome we identified 17,037 genes conserved across the trypanosomatid clade and 6897 genes and pseudogenes belonging to T. cruzi-specific, rapidly evolving multigene families associated with host adaptation and pathogenicity. Leveraging our recently developed tool for high-throughput GC content profiling, we revealed that the RA genome is organized into 1331 isochore-like regions. This allowed, for the first time, a precise delineation of the so-called “core” and “disruptive” genomic compartments, refining previously proposed models through the identification of their exact genomic coordinates. Regions with GC content < 51%, representing approximately 45% of the genome and enriched in conserved, single-copy genes, were classified as “core”. In contrast, GC-rich regions (≥ 51%), enriched in multigene families and transposable elements, were defined as “disruptive”. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the disruptive compartment is not homogeneous: we identified four distinct subtypes within this compartment, each characterized by specific genomic distributions, sequence compositions, and likely distinct evolutionary trajectories. This level of resolution uncovers an additional layer of genome organization complexity previously unrecognized in T. cruzi. The complete and deeply annotated RA strain genome thus provides a valuable resource for the research community and offers new insights into the genome architecture and evolutionary dynamics of this neglected parasite.Submitted by Pintos Natalia (nataliapintosmvd@gmail.com) on 2026-03-11T16:20:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.1038.s41598-025-23742-0.pdf: 3902285 bytes, checksum: 4a15e37730f2bc3e31eaa43e40b503af (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Faget Cecilia (lfaget@fcien.edu.uy) on 2026-03-12T11:32:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.1038.s41598-025-23742-0.pdf: 3902285 bytes, checksum: 4a15e37730f2bc3e31eaa43e40b503af (MD5)Made available in DSpace by Luna Fabiana (fabiana.luna@seciu.edu.uy) on 2026-03-13T16:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.1038.s41598-025-23742-0.pdf: 3902285 bytes, checksum: 4a15e37730f2bc3e31eaa43e40b503af (MD5) Previous issue date: 202517 happlication/pdfenengNatureScientific reports, 2025, 15: 40000Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)Trypanosoma cruziRA strainPacBio RSIIGenome assemblyMultigene familyGenome architectureA divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruziArtículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionreponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaBalouz, VirginiaCepeda Dean, Aldana AlexandraRomer, GuadalupeRobello Porto, CarlosBerná, LuisaBuscaglia, Carlos A.LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84267http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/53876/5/license.txt6429389a7df7277b72b7924fdc7d47a9MD55CC-LICENSElicense_urllicense_urltext/plain; charset=utf-844http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/53876/2/license_urla0ebbeafb9d2ec7cbb19d7137ebc392cMD52license_textlicense_texttext/html; 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públicahttps://udelar.edu.uy/https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/oai/requestkarina.camps@seciu.edu.uyUruguayopendoar:47712026-03-13T16:47:52COLIBRI - Universidad de la Repúblicafalse
spellingShingle A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
Balouz, Virginia
Trypanosoma cruzi
RA strain
PacBio RSII
Genome assembly
Multigene family
Genome architecture
status_str publishedVersion
title A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
title_full A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
title_fullStr A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
title_full_unstemmed A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
title_short A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
title_sort A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
topic Trypanosoma cruzi
RA strain
PacBio RSII
Genome assembly
Multigene family
Genome architecture
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/53876