A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
Resumen:
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, remains a major health and socioeconomic concern in Latin America. Despite its remarkable genetic diversity, high-quality genome assemblies are still limited, and even widely used laboratory strains remain uncharacterized. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the highly virulent RA strain (TcVI), generated using PacBio RSII long-read sequencing. Through the integration of exhaustively curated protein databases and custom-built bioinformatic tools, we improved gene annotation and achieved a comprehensive characterization of the genome. Within the RA genome we identified 17,037 genes conserved across the trypanosomatid clade and 6897 genes and pseudogenes belonging to T. cruzi-specific, rapidly evolving multigene families associated with host adaptation and pathogenicity. Leveraging our recently developed tool for high-throughput GC content profiling, we revealed that the RA genome is organized into 1331 isochore-like regions. This allowed, for the first time, a precise delineation of the so-called “core” and “disruptive” genomic compartments, refining previously proposed models through the identification of their exact genomic coordinates. Regions with GC content < 51%, representing approximately 45% of the genome and enriched in conserved, single-copy genes, were classified as “core”. In contrast, GC-rich regions (≥ 51%), enriched in multigene families and transposable elements, were defined as “disruptive”. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the disruptive compartment is not homogeneous: we identified four distinct subtypes within this compartment, each characterized by specific genomic distributions, sequence compositions, and likely distinct evolutionary trajectories. This level of resolution uncovers an additional layer of genome organization complexity previously unrecognized in T. cruzi. The complete and deeply annotated RA strain genome thus provides a valuable resource for the research community and offers new insights into the genome architecture and evolutionary dynamics of this neglected parasite.
| 2025 | |
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Trypanosoma cruzi RA strain PacBio RSII Genome assembly Multigene family Genome architecture |
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| Inglés | |
| Universidad de la República | |
| COLIBRI | |
| https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/53876 | |
| Acceso abierto | |
| Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0) |
| _version_ | 1871251705057771520 |
|---|---|
| author | Balouz, Virginia |
| author2 | Cepeda Dean, Aldana Alexandra Romer, Guadalupe Robello Porto, Carlos Berná, Luisa Buscaglia, Carlos A. |
| author2_role | author author author author author |
| author_facet | Balouz, Virginia Cepeda Dean, Aldana Alexandra Romer, Guadalupe Robello Porto, Carlos Berná, Luisa Buscaglia, Carlos A. |
| author_role | author |
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| collection | COLIBRI |
| dc.contributor.filiacion.none.fl_str_mv | Balouz Virginia Cepeda Dean Aldana Alexandra Romer Guadalupe Robello Porto Carlos, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina. Berná Luisa, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Biología. Buscaglia Carlos A. |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Balouz, Virginia Cepeda Dean, Aldana Alexandra Romer, Guadalupe Robello Porto, Carlos Berná, Luisa Buscaglia, Carlos A. |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv | 2026-03-13T16:47:52Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv | 2026-03-13T16:47:52Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv | 2025 |
| dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv | Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, remains a major health and socioeconomic concern in Latin America. Despite its remarkable genetic diversity, high-quality genome assemblies are still limited, and even widely used laboratory strains remain uncharacterized. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the highly virulent RA strain (TcVI), generated using PacBio RSII long-read sequencing. Through the integration of exhaustively curated protein databases and custom-built bioinformatic tools, we improved gene annotation and achieved a comprehensive characterization of the genome. Within the RA genome we identified 17,037 genes conserved across the trypanosomatid clade and 6897 genes and pseudogenes belonging to T. cruzi-specific, rapidly evolving multigene families associated with host adaptation and pathogenicity. Leveraging our recently developed tool for high-throughput GC content profiling, we revealed that the RA genome is organized into 1331 isochore-like regions. This allowed, for the first time, a precise delineation of the so-called “core” and “disruptive” genomic compartments, refining previously proposed models through the identification of their exact genomic coordinates. Regions with GC content < 51%, representing approximately 45% of the genome and enriched in conserved, single-copy genes, were classified as “core”. In contrast, GC-rich regions (≥ 51%), enriched in multigene families and transposable elements, were defined as “disruptive”. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the disruptive compartment is not homogeneous: we identified four distinct subtypes within this compartment, each characterized by specific genomic distributions, sequence compositions, and likely distinct evolutionary trajectories. This level of resolution uncovers an additional layer of genome organization complexity previously unrecognized in T. cruzi. The complete and deeply annotated RA strain genome thus provides a valuable resource for the research community and offers new insights into the genome architecture and evolutionary dynamics of this neglected parasite. |
| dc.description.es.fl_txt_mv | Información complementaria en: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0 |
| dc.format.extent.es.fl_str_mv | 17 h |
| dc.format.mimetype.es.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.citation.es.fl_str_mv | Balouz, V, Cepeda Dean, A, Romer, G [y otros autores]. "A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi". Scientific reports. [en línea] 2025, 15: 40000. 17 h. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0 |
| dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv | 2045-2322 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/53876 |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv | en eng |
| dc.publisher.es.fl_str_mv | Nature |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | Scientific reports, 2025, 15: 40000 |
| dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv | Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0) |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | reponame:COLIBRI instname:Universidad de la República instacron:Universidad de la República |
| dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv | Trypanosoma cruzi RA strain PacBio RSII Genome assembly Multigene family Genome architecture |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi |
| dc.type.es.fl_str_mv | Artículo |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| description | Información complementaria en: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | COLIBRI_b243ead66c7c0a23cbf341eb13107fd7 |
| identifier_str_mv | Balouz, V, Cepeda Dean, A, Romer, G [y otros autores]. "A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi". Scientific reports. [en línea] 2025, 15: 40000. 17 h. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0 2045-2322 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0 |
| instacron_str | Universidad de la República |
| institution | Universidad de la República |
| instname_str | Universidad de la República |
| language | eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | COLIBRI |
| network_name_str | COLIBRI |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/53876 |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| reponame_str | COLIBRI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | karina.camps@seciu.edu.uy |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | COLIBRI - Universidad de la República |
| repository_id_str | 4771 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0) |
| spelling | Balouz VirginiaCepeda Dean Aldana AlexandraRomer GuadalupeRobello Porto Carlos, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Medicina.Berná Luisa, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Biología.Buscaglia Carlos A.2026-03-13T16:47:52Z2026-03-13T16:47:52Z2025Balouz, V, Cepeda Dean, A, Romer, G [y otros autores]. "A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi". Scientific reports. [en línea] 2025, 15: 40000. 17 h. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-02045-2322https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/5387610.1038/s41598-025-23742-0Información complementaria en: 10.1038/s41598-025-23742-0Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, remains a major health and socioeconomic concern in Latin America. Despite its remarkable genetic diversity, high-quality genome assemblies are still limited, and even widely used laboratory strains remain uncharacterized. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the highly virulent RA strain (TcVI), generated using PacBio RSII long-read sequencing. Through the integration of exhaustively curated protein databases and custom-built bioinformatic tools, we improved gene annotation and achieved a comprehensive characterization of the genome. Within the RA genome we identified 17,037 genes conserved across the trypanosomatid clade and 6897 genes and pseudogenes belonging to T. cruzi-specific, rapidly evolving multigene families associated with host adaptation and pathogenicity. Leveraging our recently developed tool for high-throughput GC content profiling, we revealed that the RA genome is organized into 1331 isochore-like regions. This allowed, for the first time, a precise delineation of the so-called “core” and “disruptive” genomic compartments, refining previously proposed models through the identification of their exact genomic coordinates. Regions with GC content < 51%, representing approximately 45% of the genome and enriched in conserved, single-copy genes, were classified as “core”. In contrast, GC-rich regions (≥ 51%), enriched in multigene families and transposable elements, were defined as “disruptive”. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the disruptive compartment is not homogeneous: we identified four distinct subtypes within this compartment, each characterized by specific genomic distributions, sequence compositions, and likely distinct evolutionary trajectories. This level of resolution uncovers an additional layer of genome organization complexity previously unrecognized in T. cruzi. The complete and deeply annotated RA strain genome thus provides a valuable resource for the research community and offers new insights into the genome architecture and evolutionary dynamics of this neglected parasite.Submitted by Pintos Natalia (nataliapintosmvd@gmail.com) on 2026-03-11T16:20:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.1038.s41598-025-23742-0.pdf: 3902285 bytes, checksum: 4a15e37730f2bc3e31eaa43e40b503af (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Faget Cecilia (lfaget@fcien.edu.uy) on 2026-03-12T11:32:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.1038.s41598-025-23742-0.pdf: 3902285 bytes, checksum: 4a15e37730f2bc3e31eaa43e40b503af (MD5)Made available in DSpace by Luna Fabiana (fabiana.luna@seciu.edu.uy) on 2026-03-13T16:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.1038.s41598-025-23742-0.pdf: 3902285 bytes, checksum: 4a15e37730f2bc3e31eaa43e40b503af (MD5) Previous issue date: 202517 happlication/pdfenengNatureScientific reports, 2025, 15: 40000Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)Trypanosoma cruziRA strainPacBio RSIIGenome assemblyMultigene familyGenome architectureA divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruziArtículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionreponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaBalouz, VirginiaCepeda Dean, Aldana AlexandraRomer, GuadalupeRobello Porto, CarlosBerná, LuisaBuscaglia, Carlos A.LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84267http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/53876/5/license.txt6429389a7df7277b72b7924fdc7d47a9MD55CC-LICENSElicense_urllicense_urltext/plain; charset=utf-844http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/53876/2/license_urla0ebbeafb9d2ec7cbb19d7137ebc392cMD52license_textlicense_texttext/html; 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públicahttps://udelar.edu.uy/https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/oai/requestkarina.camps@seciu.edu.uyUruguayopendoar:47712026-03-13T16:47:52COLIBRI - Universidad de la Repúblicafalse |
| spellingShingle | A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi Balouz, Virginia Trypanosoma cruzi RA strain PacBio RSII Genome assembly Multigene family Genome architecture |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi |
| title_full | A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi |
| title_fullStr | A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi |
| title_full_unstemmed | A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi |
| title_short | A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi |
| title_sort | A divide-and-conquer approach to uncover the genomic structure of the highly virulent RA strain of Trypanosoma cruzi |
| topic | Trypanosoma cruzi RA strain PacBio RSII Genome assembly Multigene family Genome architecture |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/53876 |