Intra-household behavioral responses to cash transfer programs : evidence from a regression discontinuity design

Bérgolo, Marcelo - Galván, Estefanía

Resumen:

This paper investigates the behavioral responses of coupled men and women to a cash transfer program in Uruguay –Asignaciones Familiares-Plan de Equidad (AFAM-PE)-, by analyzing its effect on labor market responses, marital dissolution, and the decision-making process regarding the use of money. The identification strategy exploits both the fact that the monetary transfer is targeted to women and a local random assignment into the AFAM-PE which exogenously changed the intra-household distribution of resources across applicant households. Based on a regression discontinuity design and on a follow-up survey matched with administrative records of applicant households to the program, the insights of this study may be summarized in four broad results. First, while no significant effects are found for men, the program has significant negative effects on the formality choice of women at the eligibility cutoff, but no robust effect on the margin of employment. Secondly, these responses seem to be associated with a decline in women's movement into formal labor from unregistered jobs. These responses do not depend on their partner´s labor supply. Third, contrary to findings for various welfare programs in developed countries, no effect on marital dissolution is found. Fourth, we find suggestive evidence that the AFAM-PE results in women taking greater (perceived) responsibility for decisions in specific spheres of household expenditures. In conclusion, considering the overall effects, these results suggest that conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) do not necessary imply an increase in women's control over household resources, offering suggestive considerations for the ongoing debate in developing countries and suggesting the need to discuss new designs for social assistance.


En este trabajo se analizan las respuestas de hombres y mujeres en pareja a un programa de transferencias condicionadas en Uruguay -Asignaciones Familiares-Plan de Equidad (AFAMPE)-. En particular, se investiga el efecto del programa sobre las decisiones en el mercado laboral, la disolución de la pareja, y el proceso de decisión respecto al uso del dinero. La estrategia de identificación explota el hecho de que la transferencia monetaria está dirigida a mujeres, así como la asignación aleatoria localizada al programa, que cambia de forma exógena la distribuciónintra-hogar de los recursos entre los hogares aplicantes. Basado en un diseño de regresión discontinua y una encuesta de seguimiento unida a registros administrativos de los aplicantes al programa, los resultados de este estudio pueden resumirse en cuatro puntos. En primer lugar, si bien no se observan efectos significativos del programa para el caso de los hombres, sí se observan efectos significativos y negativos en las decisiones de formalidad de las mujeres. Además, no se observan efectos robustos sobre el empleo. En segundo lugar, estas respuestas parecen estar asociadas a un enlentecimiento en las transiciones hacia el empleo formal de las mujeres aplicantes y no dependen de la oferta laboral de sus parejas. En tercer lugar, y contrario a los resultados de varios programas de bienestar en países desarrollados, no se encuentran efectos en la disolución de las parejas. Finalmente, se encuentra evidencia de que el programa AFAM-PE lleva a que las mujeres tomen mayores responsabilidades en las decisiones relacionadas al gasto de los hogares. En conclusión, considerando los efectos globales, estos resultados sugieren que los programas de transferencia condicionada no necesariamente implican un aumento en el control de las mujeres en los recursos del hogar, ofreciendo algunas consideraciones para el presente debate en los países en desarrollo, y sugiriendo la necesidad de discutir nuevos diseños para los programas sociales.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2016
Programas de transferencias
SEGURIDAD SOCIAL
BIENESTAR SOCIAL
EMPLEO
MUJERES
SOCIAL SECURITY
SOCIAL WELFARE
WOMEN
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/19017
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial – Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND)
Resumen:
Sumario:This paper investigates the behavioral responses of coupled men and women to a cash transfer program in Uruguay –Asignaciones Familiares-Plan de Equidad (AFAM-PE)-, by analyzing its effect on labor market responses, marital dissolution, and the decision-making process regarding the use of money. The identification strategy exploits both the fact that the monetary transfer is targeted to women and a local random assignment into the AFAM-PE which exogenously changed the intra-household distribution of resources across applicant households. Based on a regression discontinuity design and on a follow-up survey matched with administrative records of applicant households to the program, the insights of this study may be summarized in four broad results. First, while no significant effects are found for men, the program has significant negative effects on the formality choice of women at the eligibility cutoff, but no robust effect on the margin of employment. Secondly, these responses seem to be associated with a decline in women's movement into formal labor from unregistered jobs. These responses do not depend on their partner´s labor supply. Third, contrary to findings for various welfare programs in developed countries, no effect on marital dissolution is found. Fourth, we find suggestive evidence that the AFAM-PE results in women taking greater (perceived) responsibility for decisions in specific spheres of household expenditures. In conclusion, considering the overall effects, these results suggest that conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) do not necessary imply an increase in women's control over household resources, offering suggestive considerations for the ongoing debate in developing countries and suggesting the need to discuss new designs for social assistance.