O Father Where Art Thou? Early maternal employment and child development when fathers and intrahousehold task division come into the picture
Resumen:
This article provides new evidence for a developing country regarding early maternal employment and child development by exploring alternative household care arrangements that could compensate for a loss in maternal care time. First we analyze whether the condition of maternal employment, its intensity —part-time or full-time jobs— and the timing of a mother's entrance into the labor market affects her child's development; we focus on the effects of intrahousehold distribution regarding childcare and household tasks on the decision of maternal employment and child development. We address the causality of early maternal labor and its conditions on a child's probability of being considered at risk in several development dimensions by estimating seemingly unrelated equations with instrumental variables; therefore we account for simultaneity in decisions regarding maternal employment and formal childcare. Results indicate that neither maternal employment, nor the job's intensity influences a child's development. However, fathers' involvement in childrearing and more equitable distribution of intrahousehold tasks can foster child development as much as maternal labor supply.
Este artículo aporta nueva evidencia para un país en desarrollo en relación con el empleo temprano de la madre y el desarrollo del niño, explorando acuerdos de cuidado alternativos en el hogar que podrían compensar una pérdida de tiempo de cuidado de la madre. En primer lugar, analizamos si el empleo materno, su intensidad –trabajos a tiempo parcial o completo– y el momento de entrada de la madre al mercado laboral afectan al desarrollo de su hijo; nos centramos en los efectos de la distribución intrafamiliar en relación con el cuidado de los niños y las tareas domésticas sobre la decisión del empleo materno y el desarrollo del niño. Abordamos la causalidad del trabajo materno temprano y sus condiciones sobre la probabilidad de que un niño sea considerado de riesgo en varias dimensiones del desarrollo mediante la estimación de ecuaciones aparentemente no relacionadas con variables instrumentales; por tanto, damos cuenta de la simultaneidad en las decisiones relativas al empleo materno y al cuidado formal de los niños. Los resultados indican que ni el empleo materno ni la intensidad del mismo influyen en el desarrollo del niño. Sin embargo, la participación del padre en la crianza de los hijos y una distribución más equitativa de las tareas intrafamiliares pueden favorecer tanto el desarrollo infantil como la oferta laboral materna.
2021 | |
Desarrollo infantil Comportamiento de los padres Condiciones laborales de la madre Child development Parenting behavior Maternal work conditions PLANIFICACION FAMILIAR MERCADO DE TRABAJO |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/27955 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
Sumario: | This article provides new evidence for a developing country regarding early maternal employment and child development by exploring alternative household care arrangements that could compensate for a loss in maternal care time. First we analyze whether the condition of maternal employment, its intensity —part-time or full-time jobs— and the timing of a mother's entrance into the labor market affects her child's development; we focus on the effects of intrahousehold distribution regarding childcare and household tasks on the decision of maternal employment and child development. We address the causality of early maternal labor and its conditions on a child's probability of being considered at risk in several development dimensions by estimating seemingly unrelated equations with instrumental variables; therefore we account for simultaneity in decisions regarding maternal employment and formal childcare. Results indicate that neither maternal employment, nor the job's intensity influences a child's development. However, fathers' involvement in childrearing and more equitable distribution of intrahousehold tasks can foster child development as much as maternal labor supply. |
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