Accumulation, inheritance and wealth distribution: first estimates of the untold half
Resumen:
While wealth accumulation and its distribution are arguably two of the key drivers of overall economic inequality and of major importance in their own right, very little is known about them in the developing world. I contribute to filling this gap by providing micro-macro consistent series of aggregate wealth and its distribution in Uruguay. The country's balance sheet, which is not estimated by official institutions, is constructed for the first time by combining a wide array of data sources, reaching a wealth to income ratio of 500%. Private wealth distribution is then estimated based on the capitalization method, taking stock of combined survey-tax-national accounts micro-data, resulting in a top 1% of 38-40%. Estimates are systematically compared with results based on the estate multiplier method, real estate wealth tax, household wealth survey and Forbes billionaires list. Moreover, the inheritance flow is estimated, reaching 9-10% throughout the period, consistent with a 60% inheritance stock. These estimates represent the first coherent and comparable depiction of wealth and its distribution for a Latin American country, hence providing insights to a completely unknown reality thus-far.
Si bien la acumulación de riqueza y su distribución son posiblemente dos de los fundamentos clave de la desigualdad económica y de gran importancia por derecho propio, se sabe muy poco sobre ellas en el mundo en desarrollo. Contribuyo a llenar este vacío brindando series micro-macro económicamente consistentes de la riqueza agregada y su distribución en Uruguay. La riqueza neta del país, que no es estimada por instituciones oficiales, se construye por primera vez combinando un amplio abanico de fuentes de datos, alcanzando un ratio riqueza-renta del 500%. Se estima la distribución de la riqueza privada por medio del método de capitalización, tomando en cuenta los microdatos combinados de encuestas, impuestos y cuentas nacionales, lo que da como resultado una participación del 1% superior de 38-40%. Las estimaciones se comparan sistemáticamente con los resultados basados en el método de las herencias, registros de impuesto inmobiliarios, la encuesta de riqueza de los hogares y la lista de multimillonarios de Forbes. Además, se estima el flujo de herencias, que alcanza un 9-10% a lo largo del período, consistente con un stock de herencia del 60%. Estas estimaciones representan la primera descripción coherente y comparable de la riqueza y su distribución para un país latinoamericano, por lo que brindan información sobre una realidad completamente desconocida hasta el momento.
2022 | |
Capitalization method Uruguay Wealth distribution Developing countries Wealth to income ratios Tax records National accounts Cuentas nacionales Distribución de la riqueza Relación riqueza/ingreso Registros tributarios Método de capitalización Países en desarrollo RIQUEZA DISTRIBUCION DEL INGRESO |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/31901 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
Sumario: | While wealth accumulation and its distribution are arguably two of the key drivers of overall economic inequality and of major importance in their own right, very little is known about them in the developing world. I contribute to filling this gap by providing micro-macro consistent series of aggregate wealth and its distribution in Uruguay. The country's balance sheet, which is not estimated by official institutions, is constructed for the first time by combining a wide array of data sources, reaching a wealth to income ratio of 500%. Private wealth distribution is then estimated based on the capitalization method, taking stock of combined survey-tax-national accounts micro-data, resulting in a top 1% of 38-40%. Estimates are systematically compared with results based on the estate multiplier method, real estate wealth tax, household wealth survey and Forbes billionaires list. Moreover, the inheritance flow is estimated, reaching 9-10% throughout the period, consistent with a 60% inheritance stock. These estimates represent the first coherent and comparable depiction of wealth and its distribution for a Latin American country, hence providing insights to a completely unknown reality thus-far. |
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