Design and implementation of an attitude determination and control system for the AntelSat
Supervisor(es): Monzón, Pablo - Pechiar, Juan
Resumen:
This thesis describes the design, analysis and construction of the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) for the first Uruguayan nanosatellite, the AntelSat. The AntelSat project is a joint venture between the Electrical Engineering Institute (IIE) of Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de la República (UdelaR University) and Antel, the Uruguayan national telecommunications company. The satellite consists of a two-unit (2U) CubeSat, which implies that the ADCS is designed under tight mass, size, and energy constraints. In addition, these kind of satellites usually have limited sensing, computational and communication capabilities, motivating the need for autonomous and computationally eficient algorithms. Under these strict restraints, developing an effective attitude control system poses a significant challenge. As presented in this thesis, for the attitude determination section of the ADCS, data available from sensors is taken as inputs for the computation of an optimal quaternion estimator. The use of a quaternion implementation of an unscented Kalman filter is also discussed. Additionally, attitude control is based on magnetic actuation with magnetorquers being commanded by pulse width modulation. It is shown that the control system is able to achieve the detumbling of the satellite after separation from the launch interface using the reliable B-dot control law. Nadirpointing control is achieved with the use of a simple Linear Quadratic Regulator. Also pertinent is the simulation environment that was implemented to develop the attitude determination and control algorithms and also to validate their performance. ADCS hardware prototypes and flight versions that were designed and constructed are introduced.
Este documento de tesis describe el diseño, análisis y construcción de el Sistema de Determinación y Control de Actitud (ADCS por sus siglas en inglés) del primer satélite uruguayo, el AntelSat. El proyecto AntelSat es una actividad conjunta entre el Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica (IIE) de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de la República y Antel, la empresa de telecomunicaciones nacional de Uruguay. El satélite consiste en un CubeSat de dos unidades (2U), lo que implica que el ADCS es diseñado bajo estrictas restricciones de masa, tamaño y energía. Además, este tipo de satélites posee una capacidad computacional, de comunicaciones y de medición limitada, lo que motiva la necesidad de lograr algoritmos computacionalmente eficientes. Bajo estas estrictas limitaciones, el desarrollo de un sistema de control de actitud efectivo se traduce en un reto importante. Como se presenta en esta tesis, para el segmento de determinación de actitud del ADCS, la información proveniente de los sensores es tomada como entrada para el cálculo de un estimador de cuaternión óptimo. Se discute también el uso de una implementación con cuaterniones de un filtro de Kalman "unscented". Por otro lado, el control de actitud está basado en actuación magnética con magnetorquers comandados con modulación de ancho de pulso. Se demuestra que el sistema de control es capaz de reducir el valor de velocidad angular del satélite en la fase previa a la separación con la interfaz de lanzamiento, mediante la utilización del algoritmo B-dot. La estabilización de la actitud en modo de apunte al nadir se logra con el uso de un simple regulador lineal cuadrático. Por otra parte, se presenta el entorno de simulación que fue implementado para el desarrollo de algoritmos de determinación y control de actitud, y también para validar el desempeño de los mismos. A su vez, se exhiben el hardware del ADCS que fue diseñado y construido, tanto prototipos como versiones de vuelo.
2015 | |
Sistema de Determinación y Control de Actitud (ADCS) Satélite uruguayo Proyecto AntelSat CubeSat |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/5214 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial – Sin Derivadas (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
Sumario: | This thesis describes the design, analysis and construction of the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) for the first Uruguayan nanosatellite, the AntelSat. The AntelSat project is a joint venture between the Electrical Engineering Institute (IIE) of Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de la República (UdelaR University) and Antel, the Uruguayan national telecommunications company. The satellite consists of a two-unit (2U) CubeSat, which implies that the ADCS is designed under tight mass, size, and energy constraints. In addition, these kind of satellites usually have limited sensing, computational and communication capabilities, motivating the need for autonomous and computationally eficient algorithms. Under these strict restraints, developing an effective attitude control system poses a significant challenge. As presented in this thesis, for the attitude determination section of the ADCS, data available from sensors is taken as inputs for the computation of an optimal quaternion estimator. The use of a quaternion implementation of an unscented Kalman filter is also discussed. Additionally, attitude control is based on magnetic actuation with magnetorquers being commanded by pulse width modulation. It is shown that the control system is able to achieve the detumbling of the satellite after separation from the launch interface using the reliable B-dot control law. Nadirpointing control is achieved with the use of a simple Linear Quadratic Regulator. Also pertinent is the simulation environment that was implemented to develop the attitude determination and control algorithms and also to validate their performance. ADCS hardware prototypes and flight versions that were designed and constructed are introduced. |
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