Characteristics of the tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) using native bumblebees (Bombus atratus) as pollinators in greenhouse
Características del fruto de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) utilizando abejorros nativos (Bombus atratus) como polinizadores en invernáculo
Editor(es): Bollazi, Martín
Resumen:
In Uruguay, the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in greenhouse presents pollination issues that limit its yield. The use of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) as pollinators can help overcome this problem as they perform “buzzing pollination”, a behavior that makes them excellent pollinators of Solanaceae and particularly tomato. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the native bumblebees Bombus atratus on the pro-portion of fruit set, weight, diameter, number of seeds and number of locules of tomato (LAPATAIA and ELPIDA varieties). An experience was carried out in Canelones, where the fruits from flowers pollinated by bumblebees and from flowers not visited by insects were compared; two other experiences carried out in Salto were similar to that of Canelones, but included flowers treated with hormones. In the three analyzed greenhouses the visit of bumblebees to the flowers increased the proportion of fruit set by 13 - 47%, compared to the result obtained in flowers not visited by the insects. Also, the pollinating action of bumblebees significantly improved the weight, size, and number of seeds compared to fruits obtained from flowers without access to pollinators. This improve-ment was recorded in the experience in Canelones and only in one of the Salto's experiences. On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between the number of seeds and the weight (R2 = 0.37, R2 = 0.53; LAPATAIA, ELPIDA, respectively) in the two tomato varieties. This study is the first in Uruguay to show the benefits of using native bumblebees in tomato production in greenhouses.
En Uruguay, la producción de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) bajo invernáculo presenta problemas de polini-zación que limitan su rendimiento. El uso de abejorros (Bombus spp.) como polinizadores puede contribuir a superar este problema, ya que realizan «polinización por zumbido», comportamiento necesario para polinizar las solanáceas y particularmente el tomate. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de los abejorros nativos Bombus atratus en el porcentaje de cuajado, peso, diámetro, número de semillas y número de lóculos de tomate (variedades LAPATAIA y ELPIDA). Se realizó una experiencia en el departamento de Canelones donde se cotejaron los frutos de flores polinizadas por abejorros y flores no visitadas por los insectos; y dos experiencias en Salto iguales a la de Canelones, pero que incluían flores tratadas con hormonas. En los tres invernáculos la visita de los abejorros a las flores incrementó el porcentaje de cuajado entre 13 y 47 % en relación con el obtenido en flores no visitadas por los insectos. La acción polinizadora de los abejorros también mejoró signifi-cativamente el peso, tamaño y número de semillas respecto a frutos obtenidos de flores sin acceso a poliniza-dores en dos de las tres experiencias realizadas. Por otro lado, en las dos variedades de tomate se encontró una correlación positiva entre el número de semillas y el peso (R2=0,37, R2=0,53; LAPATAIA, ELPIDA, respectiva-mente). Este estudio es el primero en Uruguay que muestra los beneficios de utilizar abejorros nativos para mejorar la producción de tomates en invernáculos.
2020 | |
Pollination Bombus spp Tomato |
|
Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/33604 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0) |
Sumario: | In Uruguay, the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in greenhouse presents pollination issues that limit its yield. The use of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) as pollinators can help overcome this problem as they perform “buzzing pollination”, a behavior that makes them excellent pollinators of Solanaceae and particularly tomato. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the native bumblebees Bombus atratus on the pro-portion of fruit set, weight, diameter, number of seeds and number of locules of tomato (LAPATAIA and ELPIDA varieties). An experience was carried out in Canelones, where the fruits from flowers pollinated by bumblebees and from flowers not visited by insects were compared; two other experiences carried out in Salto were similar to that of Canelones, but included flowers treated with hormones. In the three analyzed greenhouses the visit of bumblebees to the flowers increased the proportion of fruit set by 13 - 47%, compared to the result obtained in flowers not visited by the insects. Also, the pollinating action of bumblebees significantly improved the weight, size, and number of seeds compared to fruits obtained from flowers without access to pollinators. This improve-ment was recorded in the experience in Canelones and only in one of the Salto's experiences. On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between the number of seeds and the weight (R2 = 0.37, R2 = 0.53; LAPATAIA, ELPIDA, respectively) in the two tomato varieties. This study is the first in Uruguay to show the benefits of using native bumblebees in tomato production in greenhouses. |
---|