Gender gaps in career opportunities: a look at graduates in the field of business and economics in Uruguay
Resumen:
Unlike developed countries, male and female university graduates in Uruguay are equally sorted into the fields of accountancy, business and economics. In turn, as in those regions, these people begin their labor market tracks with similar academic characteristics and labor positions. But, does this imply they develop convergent career paths? Using data on academic and labor market performance of cohorts graduated in 2012, we apply ordered probit models to analyze gender differences in job positions at graduation and subsequent years. We find that gender does not account for differences either in university marks or in time to degree or job positions at graduation and 4 years later. However, it emerges as a strong predictor of job positions 7 years afterwards. At that stage, the chances of reaching the upper ranked jobs is 10 percentage points higher for men than for women while female probabilities of achieving higher positions are even lower when children are present. Besides, soon after degree, women have a significantly lower probability than men of full-time working and show a greater appreciation of job stability and free time.
A diferencia de lo que sucede en países desarrollados, en Uruguay no se advierten diferencias de género en el número de egresos universitarios en las áreas de contabilidad, administración y economía. No obstante, igual que en las regiones desarrolladas, presentan características académicas semejantes al inicio de sus carreras laborales y se insertan en las mismas posiciones ocupacionales. Pero, esta similitud de partida ¿implica que varones y mujeres logren realizar carreras laborales equivalentes? Utilizando información sobre desempeño académico y laboral de la generación graduada en 2012, este trabajo estima modelos probit ordenados para analizar las diferencias de género en las posiciones ocupacionales alcanzadas tras la graduación. Los resultados muestran que el género no incide en la escolaridad, la probabilidad de egreso o en la posición ocupacional alcanzada al término del grado y en los 4 años posteriores. Sin embargo, se transforma en un significativo predictor de la posición ocupacional a los 7 años del egreso. Para ese momento, la probabilidad de que las mujeres alcancen las posiciones ocupacionales más altas de la escala se encuentra 10 puntos porcentuales por debajo de los varones y se reduce aún más con la presencia de niños en la familia. Además, al poco tiempo del egreso, las mujeres presentan mayor probabilidad que los varones de trabajar a tiempo parcial y valoran significativamente más la estabilidad laboral y el tiempo libre.
2024 | |
Graduates Economics Gender Business Labor market career Graduación Universidad Carrera laboral Género Economía Negocios ECONOMIA DE GENERO MERCADO DE TRABAJO |
|
Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/45366 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
Sumario: | Unlike developed countries, male and female university graduates in Uruguay are equally sorted into the fields of accountancy, business and economics. In turn, as in those regions, these people begin their labor market tracks with similar academic characteristics and labor positions. But, does this imply they develop convergent career paths? Using data on academic and labor market performance of cohorts graduated in 2012, we apply ordered probit models to analyze gender differences in job positions at graduation and subsequent years. We find that gender does not account for differences either in university marks or in time to degree or job positions at graduation and 4 years later. However, it emerges as a strong predictor of job positions 7 years afterwards. At that stage, the chances of reaching the upper ranked jobs is 10 percentage points higher for men than for women while female probabilities of achieving higher positions are even lower when children are present. Besides, soon after degree, women have a significantly lower probability than men of full-time working and show a greater appreciation of job stability and free time. |
---|