The positionality of goods and the positional concern's origin

Leites, Martín - Rivero Borges, Analía - Salas, Gonzalo

Resumen:

We conducted a survey-experimental on a sample of Uruguayan youth to understand what goods are positional, the degree of positional concern, and possible explanations for them. The individual’s degree of positional concern was assessed by asking participants to make a series of choices between hypothetical societies characterized by varying absolute and relative income and consumption levels. We use randomized information treatments to prime participants into competing narratives regarding (i) the goods, (ii) gender, and (iii) sources of inequality in society. The main findings are: (1) the visibility of the goods would not be a necessary condition for their positionality: jewelry, cars, and health insurance are positional goods and; (2) relative income matters; (3) the positional concern is heterogeneous at the individuals level with a bimodal distribution: one group of individuals has a high prevalence of relative concern, while the other is positional-neutral; (4) there are no differences by gender in any case; and (5) individuals are less likely to report positional concerns when differences in income come from effort and inheritance.


Realizamos una encuesta experimental en una muestra de jóvenes uruguayos para entender qué bienes son posicionales, el grado de preocupación posicional y posibles explicaciones para ello. El grado de preocupación posicional de los individuos fue evaluado mediante una serie de elecciones entre sociedades hipotéticas caracterizadas por variaciones en los niveles absolutos y relativos del ingreso y el consumo. Utilizamos tratamientos de información aleatorizados para activar en los participantes narrativas en competencia sobre (i) los bienes, (ii) el género, y (iii) las fuentes de desigualdad en la sociedad. Los principales hallazgos son: (1) la visibilidad de los bienes no sería una condición necesaria para su carácter posicional: las joyas, los automóviles y el seguro de salud son bienes posicionales; (2) el ingreso relativo importa; (3) la preocupación posicional es heterogénea a nivel individual con una distribución bimodal: un grupo de individuos tiene una alta prevalencia de preocupación relativa, mientras que el otro es neutral en cuanto a lo posicional; (4) no existen diferencias por género; y (5) los individuos son menos propensos a reportar preocupaciones posicionales cuando las diferencias de ingreso se deben al esfuerzo y la herencia.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2023
Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
Positional goods
Questionnaire-experiments
Visibility
Meritocracy
Bienes posicionales
Cuestionario experimental
Visibilidad
Meritocracia
ECONOMIA DEL BIENESTAR
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/39744
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
Resumen:
Sumario:We conducted a survey-experimental on a sample of Uruguayan youth to understand what goods are positional, the degree of positional concern, and possible explanations for them. The individual’s degree of positional concern was assessed by asking participants to make a series of choices between hypothetical societies characterized by varying absolute and relative income and consumption levels. We use randomized information treatments to prime participants into competing narratives regarding (i) the goods, (ii) gender, and (iii) sources of inequality in society. The main findings are: (1) the visibility of the goods would not be a necessary condition for their positionality: jewelry, cars, and health insurance are positional goods and; (2) relative income matters; (3) the positional concern is heterogeneous at the individuals level with a bimodal distribution: one group of individuals has a high prevalence of relative concern, while the other is positional-neutral; (4) there are no differences by gender in any case; and (5) individuals are less likely to report positional concerns when differences in income come from effort and inheritance.