Business cycle fluctuations in a small open economy: the case of Uruguay

Kamil, Herman - Lorenzo, Fernando

Resumen:

This paper provides an empirical description of the business cycle regulanties of the Uruguayan economy between 1975 and 1994. The method of estimation of the cyclical components is based on the application of the Hodrick-Prescott filter over the unobservable trend-cycle components estimated from reduced-form univariate models. The method used to derive cyclical components offers two advantages over the procedures usually used in the literature. First, the cyclical component is extracted from time series that have been previously seasonally-adjusted using a method which explicitly takes into account the specific characteristics of the estimated data generating process. Second, given that irregular components are excluded from the estimation of the final cyclical components, correlations considered in the characterization of the business cycle are not affected by non-systematic oscillations (noise) in the series. The pattern observed in the cyclical comovements of the aggregate supply and demand components as well as their levels of relative variability are similar, in general, to those observed in other economies. However, some characteristics seem to be specific to the Uruguayan economy : procyclical and low-volatility public sector expenditure, cyclical lag of monetary aggregate fluctuations and countercyclical interest rates. Exports, ex-ante real interest rates in local currency and the GDP of neighbour countries Argentina and Brazil behave as leading indicators of the reference cycle of the Uruguayan economy


En este trabajo se realiza una descripción del ciclo macroeconómico de la economía uruguaya entre 1975 y 1994. La metodología de estimación de los componentes cíclicos se basa en la aplicación del filtro de Hodrick-Prescott sobre los componentes de tendencia-ciclo estimados a partir de modelos univanantes de forma reducida. La metodología utilizada para estimar componentes cíclicos ofrece dos ventajas sobre los procedimientos generalmente encontrados en la literatura Primero, el componente cíclico es extraído de senes temporales que han sido previamente ajustadas estacionalmente utilizando un método que explícitamente toma en cuenta las características específicas del proceso generador de datos. Segundo, dado que los componentes irregulares son excluidos de la estimación de los componentes cíclicos finales, las correlaciones consideradas en la caracterización del ciclo económico no están afectadas por oscilaciones no sistemáticas (ruido) en los datos. El patrón observado en los comovimientos cíclicos de los componentes de la oferta y demanda agregada y los niveles de variabilidad relativa de los mismos coinciden, en general, con lo observado a nivel internacional La prociclicidad y baja volatilidad del gasto público, el rezago cíclico de las fluctuaciones de los agregados monetarios y la contraciclicidad de las tasas de interés, aparecen como características específicas de la economía uruguaya. Las exportaciones, las tasas de interés reales ex-ante en moneda nacional y los PBI de Argentma y Brasil se comportan como indicadores adelantados del ciclo de referencia de la economía uruguaya.


Detalles Bibliográficos
1997
Cyclical fluctuations
Hodnck-Prescott filter
Leading indicators
Reference cycle
Signal extraction
Unobserved components
Volatility
ANALISIS MACROECONOMICO
CICLO COMERCIAL
Español
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/2307
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial – Sin Derivadas (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Resumen:
Sumario:This paper provides an empirical description of the business cycle regulanties of the Uruguayan economy between 1975 and 1994. The method of estimation of the cyclical components is based on the application of the Hodrick-Prescott filter over the unobservable trend-cycle components estimated from reduced-form univariate models. The method used to derive cyclical components offers two advantages over the procedures usually used in the literature. First, the cyclical component is extracted from time series that have been previously seasonally-adjusted using a method which explicitly takes into account the specific characteristics of the estimated data generating process. Second, given that irregular components are excluded from the estimation of the final cyclical components, correlations considered in the characterization of the business cycle are not affected by non-systematic oscillations (noise) in the series. The pattern observed in the cyclical comovements of the aggregate supply and demand components as well as their levels of relative variability are similar, in general, to those observed in other economies. However, some characteristics seem to be specific to the Uruguayan economy : procyclical and low-volatility public sector expenditure, cyclical lag of monetary aggregate fluctuations and countercyclical interest rates. Exports, ex-ante real interest rates in local currency and the GDP of neighbour countries Argentina and Brazil behave as leading indicators of the reference cycle of the Uruguayan economy