Numerical simulation of wind farms : operation of wind turbines under power restrictions imposed by the electric grid
Supervisor(es): Usera, Gabriel - Draper, Martín
Resumen:
This thesis deals with the operation and power production of wind farms, focusing on active power control of wind turbines. This work is carried out by means of numerical simulations with a Computational Fluid Mechanics approach. The wind field dynamics equations are solved using the numeric code caffa3d, with a Large Eddy Simulation framework and the Actuator Line Model to represent the wind turbine rotors. A torque-generator controller and closed-loop Proportional-Integral collective pitch controller were implemented in caffa3d code, with the purpose of following an active power signal determined by the operator. These models enable to simulate the operation of wind turbines subject to the entire range of wind velocity and contributes to reproduce in a more precise way the real behavior of the turbine, allowing to find both qualitative and quantitative results of the interaction between the wind ow and the turbines. To validate the simulations, the results were compared with experimental data of the wind field and the operation of wind turbines, obtained from two sources: the 7.7MW onshore wind farm, 'Libertad', located in Uruguay; and a wind tunnel campaign of a wind farm. The results obtained in the simulations are consistent with the experimental ones, so the state of the art is considered to be reached in order to simulate the operation of turbines and their power control at individual level. The comparison was focused in integral quantities, in particular active power, as well as in the rotor angular velocity, bladepitch angle and wind speed. Simulations of different wind speed and direction situations were carried out, also considering different signals of active power, evaluating the characteristics of the wakes, the operation of the turbines and the total production of the wind farm.
Esta tesis trata sobre la operación y la producción energética de parques eólicos, centrándose en el control de la potencia activa de los aerogeneradores. Este trabajo se realiza mediante simulaciones numéricas con foco en la Mecánica de Fluidos Computacional. Las ecuaciones de la dinámica de campo de viento se resuelven utilizando el código numérico caffa3d,en el marco de Simulación de Grandes Vórtices junto con el Modelo de la Línea Actuadora para representar los rotores de las turbinas eólicas. Se implementaron en el código un controlador de torque eléctrico y un controlador de ángulo de pala de lazo cerrado, con el propósito de seguir una señal de potencia activa determinada por el operador. Estos modelos permiten simular el funcionamiento de turbinas eólicas sujetas a todo el rango de velocidad del viento, contribuyendo a reproducir de una manera más precisa su comportamiento real. Para validar las simulaciones, los resultados se compararon con datos experimentales de campo de viento y operación de los aerogeneradores, obtenidos de dos fuentes: el parque eólico de 7.7MW, 'Libertad', ubicado en Uruguay; y una campaña en un túnel de viento de un parque eólico a escala. Los resultados obtenidos en las simulaciones son consistentes con los experimentales, considerando así quese ha alcanzado el estado del arte para simular el funcionamiento de las turbinas y su control de potencia a nivel individual. La comparación se centró en cantidades integrales como potencia activa y torque, ademas de velocidad angular del rotor, angulo pala y la velocidad del viento. También se llevaron a cabo simulaciones de otras situaciones de velocidad y dirección del viento, y variadas señales de potencia activa, evaluando las características de las estelas, la operacion de las turbinas y la producción total de parque.
2019 | |
Computational fluid dynamics Wind energy Active power control Mecánica de fluidos computacional Power restriction Control de potencia aerogeneradores Restricción de potencia. ENERGIA EOLICA |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/20530 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial – Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND) |
Sumario: | This thesis deals with the operation and power production of wind farms, focusing on active power control of wind turbines. This work is carried out by means of numerical simulations with a Computational Fluid Mechanics approach. The wind field dynamics equations are solved using the numeric code caffa3d, with a Large Eddy Simulation framework and the Actuator Line Model to represent the wind turbine rotors. A torque-generator controller and closed-loop Proportional-Integral collective pitch controller were implemented in caffa3d code, with the purpose of following an active power signal determined by the operator. These models enable to simulate the operation of wind turbines subject to the entire range of wind velocity and contributes to reproduce in a more precise way the real behavior of the turbine, allowing to find both qualitative and quantitative results of the interaction between the wind ow and the turbines. To validate the simulations, the results were compared with experimental data of the wind field and the operation of wind turbines, obtained from two sources: the 7.7MW onshore wind farm, 'Libertad', located in Uruguay; and a wind tunnel campaign of a wind farm. The results obtained in the simulations are consistent with the experimental ones, so the state of the art is considered to be reached in order to simulate the operation of turbines and their power control at individual level. The comparison was focused in integral quantities, in particular active power, as well as in the rotor angular velocity, bladepitch angle and wind speed. Simulations of different wind speed and direction situations were carried out, also considering different signals of active power, evaluating the characteristics of the wakes, the operation of the turbines and the total production of the wind farm. |
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