Cohesive sediment dynamics in the Río de la Plata.
Estudio de la dinámica de sedimentos cohesivos en el Río de la Plata.
Supervisor(es): Pedocchi Miljan, Francisco
Resumen:
Sediment transport processes at the muddy bottom site near Montevideo bay were examined by observing the near seabed cohesive sediment and water velocity. Wave, currents and turbulent components of the water ow were obtained with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter located 30 cm above the seabed, while sediment concentration profiles of the lowest 40 cm were estimated with a multi-frequency acoustic backscatter sensor. Exhaustive laboratory testing of the sediment extracted from the deployment site indicated that occulation expected in the field did not affect the acoustic estimation of sediment concentration. However, special attention was required during strong agitation since with concentrations of sands under 5 % granulometry of the sediment in motion was modified, leading to unrealistic estimations of higher sediment concentration. A new acoustic multifuequency technique was implemented in order to avoid this bias. The field data collected during almost six months indicated that a highly concentrated sediment layer near the bottom was kept in motion during moderate and strong waves and would remain for more than one day. Its height was 1 dm and its concentration over 100 kg/m3. Currents caused this layer to travel and this phenomena was calculated with a simplified self-stratified wavecurrent-sediment coupled analytical model. The associated sediments travel as well and this explains the actual siltation rates in the navigation channels of Montevideo Port.
En esta tesis se presentan mediciones de campo de sedimento cohesivo cercano al lecho y velocidades del flujo de agua. Estos datos fueron usados para comprender los procesos de transporte de sedimentos en un sitio con fondo de barro cercano a la bahía de Montevideo. El oleaje, las corrientes y las componentes turbulentas del flujo de agua fueron obtenidas usando un velocímetro acústico Doppler (ADV por sus siglas en inglés) ubicado a unos 30 cm encima del lecho. Mediante la utilización de un sensor de retrodispersión acústica multifrecuencia (ABS por sus siglas en inglés) se estimaron también los perfiles de concentración de sedimento de los últimos 40 cm. Se realizaron intensos trabajos de laboratorio con sedimento extraído del sitio de medición, los cuales indicaron que la oculación esperada en el campo no genera sesgos en la estimación de la concentración de sedimentos. De todas maneras, es necesario tomar ciertas precauciones en momentos de gran agitación puesto que la presencia de menos de 5 % de arenas cambian la granulometría del sedimento en movimiento, induciendo mayores estimaciones de concentración de sedimento que las reales. Una nueva técnica de inversión acústica multifrecuencia fue implementada para evitar estos sesgos. La información recolectada en el campo durante cinco meses y medio muestra que durante oleaje moderado y fuerte, una capa de gran concentración de sedimento cercana al fondo es capaz de mantenerse en movimiento por más de un día. Con espesores cercanos al decímetro y concentraciones mayores a 100 kg/m3, el transporte de esta capa debido a las corrientes pudo ser calculada con un modelo analítico que acopla la interacción entre oleaje, corrientes y la autoestratificación debida a sedimentos. La estimación del sedimento transportado mediante este mecanismo permite explicar las tasas de sedimentación reportadas en los canales de acceso del puerto de Montevideo.
2021 | |
Río de la Plata estuary Hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics Fluid mud Self-stratification Multifrecuency acoustic backscatter Estuario del Rio de la Plata Hidrodinamica y dinamica de sedimentos Barro fluido Autoestratificacion Retrodispersion acustica multifrecuencia |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/26464 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
Sumario: | Sediment transport processes at the muddy bottom site near Montevideo bay were examined by observing the near seabed cohesive sediment and water velocity. Wave, currents and turbulent components of the water ow were obtained with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter located 30 cm above the seabed, while sediment concentration profiles of the lowest 40 cm were estimated with a multi-frequency acoustic backscatter sensor. Exhaustive laboratory testing of the sediment extracted from the deployment site indicated that occulation expected in the field did not affect the acoustic estimation of sediment concentration. However, special attention was required during strong agitation since with concentrations of sands under 5 % granulometry of the sediment in motion was modified, leading to unrealistic estimations of higher sediment concentration. A new acoustic multifuequency technique was implemented in order to avoid this bias. The field data collected during almost six months indicated that a highly concentrated sediment layer near the bottom was kept in motion during moderate and strong waves and would remain for more than one day. Its height was 1 dm and its concentration over 100 kg/m3. Currents caused this layer to travel and this phenomena was calculated with a simplified self-stratified wavecurrent-sediment coupled analytical model. The associated sediments travel as well and this explains the actual siltation rates in the navigation channels of Montevideo Port. |
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