Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems
Resumen:
Ant Systems (AS) is a recently proposed meta-heuristic inspired on biological behaviors, which has been applied to a variety of combinatorial optimization problems, including the QAP (Quadratic Assignment Problems). In this work, we have studied the adaptation of the Ant Systems meta-heuristic to two different real-life assignment problems, which appear in educational institutions: the timetabling problem (assigning courses to classrooms and times), and the assignment of final proyects to students. There is no standard definition for these problems, as in each institution the rules and objectives are different. We have been successful in adapting. AS to tackle these problems as defined by our institution rules, showing the adaptability of this meta-heuristic to complex, real-life problems. In both cases the AS meta-heuristic obtained good quality solutions (in the timetabling case, at the cost of longer running times).
2000 | |
COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION METAHEURISTICS ASSIGNMENT OPTIMIZACION COMBINATORIA |
|
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/3513 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial – Sin Derivadas (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
_version_ | 1807522944072548352 |
---|---|
author | Cancela, Héctor |
author_facet | Cancela, Héctor |
author_role | author |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv | 528b6a3c8c7d0c6e28129d576e989607 9833653f73f7853880c94a6fead477b1 4afdbb8c545fd630ea7db775da747b2f 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 11b641cd0afef68a3f583fde3136c74d |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv | MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv | http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/5/license.txt http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/2/license_text http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/3/license_url http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/4/license_rdf http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/1/TR0004.pdf |
collection | COLIBRI |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Cancela, Héctor |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv | 2014-12-02T16:07:15Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv | 2014-12-02T16:07:15Z |
dc.date.issued.es.fl_str_mv | 2000 |
dc.date.submitted.es.fl_str_mv | 20141202 |
dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv | Ant Systems (AS) is a recently proposed meta-heuristic inspired on biological behaviors, which has been applied to a variety of combinatorial optimization problems, including the QAP (Quadratic Assignment Problems). In this work, we have studied the adaptation of the Ant Systems meta-heuristic to two different real-life assignment problems, which appear in educational institutions: the timetabling problem (assigning courses to classrooms and times), and the assignment of final proyects to students. There is no standard definition for these problems, as in each institution the rules and objectives are different. We have been successful in adapting. AS to tackle these problems as defined by our institution rules, showing the adaptability of this meta-heuristic to complex, real-life problems. In both cases the AS meta-heuristic obtained good quality solutions (in the timetabling case, at the cost of longer running times). |
dc.format.extent.es.fl_str_mv | 6 p. |
dc.format.mimetype.es.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
dc.identifier.citation.es.fl_str_mv | CANCELA BOSI, H. "Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems". Reportes Técnicos 00-04. UR. FI – INCO, 2000. |
dc.identifier.issn.es.fl_str_mv | 0797-6410 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/3513 |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv | in |
dc.publisher.es.fl_str_mv | UR. FI – INCO. |
dc.relation.ispartof.es.fl_str_mv | Reportes Técnicos 00-04 |
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv | Licencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial – Sin Derivadas (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | reponame:COLIBRI instname:Universidad de la República instacron:Universidad de la República |
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv | COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION METAHEURISTICS ASSIGNMENT OPTIMIZACION COMBINATORIA |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems |
dc.type.es.fl_str_mv | Reporte técnico |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/report |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
description | Ant Systems (AS) is a recently proposed meta-heuristic inspired on biological behaviors, which has been applied to a variety of combinatorial optimization problems, including the QAP (Quadratic Assignment Problems). In this work, we have studied the adaptation of the Ant Systems meta-heuristic to two different real-life assignment problems, which appear in educational institutions: the timetabling problem (assigning courses to classrooms and times), and the assignment of final proyects to students. There is no standard definition for these problems, as in each institution the rules and objectives are different. We have been successful in adapting. AS to tackle these problems as defined by our institution rules, showing the adaptability of this meta-heuristic to complex, real-life problems. In both cases the AS meta-heuristic obtained good quality solutions (in the timetabling case, at the cost of longer running times). |
eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
format | report |
id | COLIBRI_673a2ace8d3a9370159e930f4d8d49fc |
identifier_str_mv | CANCELA BOSI, H. "Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems". Reportes Técnicos 00-04. UR. FI – INCO, 2000. 0797-6410 |
instacron_str | Universidad de la República |
institution | Universidad de la República |
instname_str | Universidad de la República |
language_invalid_str_mv | in |
network_acronym_str | COLIBRI |
network_name_str | COLIBRI |
oai_identifier_str | oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/3513 |
publishDate | 2000 |
reponame_str | COLIBRI |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv | mabel.seroubian@seciu.edu.uy |
repository.name.fl_str_mv | COLIBRI - Universidad de la República |
repository_id_str | 4771 |
rights_invalid_str_mv | Licencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial – Sin Derivadas (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
spelling | 2014-12-02T16:07:15Z2014-12-02T16:07:15Z200020141202CANCELA BOSI, H. "Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems". Reportes Técnicos 00-04. UR. FI – INCO, 2000.0797-6410http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/3513Ant Systems (AS) is a recently proposed meta-heuristic inspired on biological behaviors, which has been applied to a variety of combinatorial optimization problems, including the QAP (Quadratic Assignment Problems). In this work, we have studied the adaptation of the Ant Systems meta-heuristic to two different real-life assignment problems, which appear in educational institutions: the timetabling problem (assigning courses to classrooms and times), and the assignment of final proyects to students. There is no standard definition for these problems, as in each institution the rules and objectives are different. We have been successful in adapting. AS to tackle these problems as defined by our institution rules, showing the adaptability of this meta-heuristic to complex, real-life problems. In both cases the AS meta-heuristic obtained good quality solutions (in the timetabling case, at the cost of longer running times).Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T16:07:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 TR0004.pdf: 90177 bytes, checksum: 11b641cd0afef68a3f583fde3136c74d (MD5) license_text: 21936 bytes, checksum: 9833653f73f7853880c94a6fead477b1 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: 4afdbb8c545fd630ea7db775da747b2f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) license.txt: 4244 bytes, checksum: 528b6a3c8c7d0c6e28129d576e989607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 20006 p.application/pdfinUR. FI – INCO.Reportes Técnicos 00-04Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad De La República. (Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución – No Comercial – Sin Derivadas (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATIONMETAHEURISTICSASSIGNMENTOPTIMIZACION COMBINATORIAApplying ant systems to two real-life assignment problemsReporte técnicoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/reportinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionreponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaCancela, HéctorLICENSElicense.txttext/plain4244http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/5/license.txt528b6a3c8c7d0c6e28129d576e989607MD55CC-LICENSElicense_textapplication/octet-stream21936http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/2/license_text9833653f73f7853880c94a6fead477b1MD52license_urlapplication/octet-stream49http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/3/license_url4afdbb8c545fd630ea7db775da747b2fMD53license_rdfapplication/octet-stream23148http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/4/license_rdf9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306MD54ORIGINALTR0004.pdfapplication/pdf90177http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/3513/1/TR0004.pdf11b641cd0afef68a3f583fde3136c74dMD5120.500.12008/35132016-05-04 13:35:34.567oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.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Universidadhttps://udelar.edu.uy/https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/oai/requestmabel.seroubian@seciu.edu.uyUruguayopendoar:47712024-07-25T14:33:58.902084COLIBRI - Universidad de la Repúblicafalse |
spellingShingle | Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems Cancela, Héctor COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION METAHEURISTICS ASSIGNMENT OPTIMIZACION COMBINATORIA |
status_str | publishedVersion |
title | Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems |
title_full | Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems |
title_fullStr | Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems |
title_full_unstemmed | Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems |
title_short | Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems |
title_sort | Applying ant systems to two real-life assignment problems |
topic | COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION METAHEURISTICS ASSIGNMENT OPTIMIZACION COMBINATORIA |
url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/3513 |