Wealth inequality in colonial Hispanic-America: Montevideo in the late 18th century

Moraes, María Inés - Riella, Rebeca - Vicario, Carolina - Marmissolle, Pablo

Resumen:

There has recently been renewed interest in pre-industrial inequality among economic historians, but there are still few case studies about wealth inequality in pre-industrial Latin America, particularly involving colonial Spanish America before 1820. This paper presents a study of wealth inequality in Montevideo, an area of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, in the late colonial period. The work addresses the level of wealth inequality, the composition of wealth, and its relationship with social structure in Montevideo in the late 18th century. It uses a dataset of probate inventories and population records as the main sources, estimates a Gini index, and presents a stylized picture of the social structure, analyzing the differences in wealth between social groups in 1772-1773. The main finding is that wealth inequality in Montevideo was similar to that of the English colonies of North America in 1774, and to the less unequal pre-industrial economies in Europe at the same time. Although most of society formed a relatively wealthy middle class, however, some important assets were strongly concentrated at the top of society.


Recientemente, ha habido un renovado interés entre los historiadores económicos en la desigualdad preindustrial, aunque aún son pocos los estudios de caso sobre la desigualdad en la América Latina preindustrial. Son particularmente pocos los estudios sobre la distribución de la riqueza en la América colonial española antes de 1820. Este documento presenta un estudio de la desigualdad de la riqueza en Montevideo, una zona del Virreinato del Río de la Plata, en el período colonial tardío; se aborda el nivel de desigualdad de la riqueza, la composición de la riqueza y su relación con la estructura social en Montevideo a fines del siglo XVIII. Utilizando un conjunto de datos de inventarios sucesorios y registros de población como fuentes principales, se estima un índice de Gini y se presenta una imagen estilizada de la estructura social, analizando las diferencias de riqueza entre grupos sociales en 1772-1773. El hallazgo principal es que la desigualdad de la riqueza en Montevideo era similar a la de las colonias inglesas de América del Norte en 1774 y, al mismo tiempo, a las economías preindustriales menos desiguales de Europa. Aunque la mayor parte de la sociedad montevideana pertenecía a una clase media relativamente rica, algunos activos importantes se encontraban fuertemente concentrados en la cima de la sociedad.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2021
Pre-industrial inequality
Colonial Latin-America
Wealth distribution
Latinoamérica colonial
Distribución de la riqueza
Desigualdad preindustrial
HISTORIA ECONOMICA
DESIGUALDAD ECONOMICA
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/30191
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
Resumen:
Sumario:There has recently been renewed interest in pre-industrial inequality among economic historians, but there are still few case studies about wealth inequality in pre-industrial Latin America, particularly involving colonial Spanish America before 1820. This paper presents a study of wealth inequality in Montevideo, an area of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, in the late colonial period. The work addresses the level of wealth inequality, the composition of wealth, and its relationship with social structure in Montevideo in the late 18th century. It uses a dataset of probate inventories and population records as the main sources, estimates a Gini index, and presents a stylized picture of the social structure, analyzing the differences in wealth between social groups in 1772-1773. The main finding is that wealth inequality in Montevideo was similar to that of the English colonies of North America in 1774, and to the less unequal pre-industrial economies in Europe at the same time. Although most of society formed a relatively wealthy middle class, however, some important assets were strongly concentrated at the top of society.