Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations

Cultivo, procesamiento y producción de cáñamo anatolio (Cannabis sativa L.): historia y observaciones recientes

Cultivo, processamento e produção de cânhamo anatoliano (Cannabis sativa L.): história e observações recentes

Clarke, Robert

Editor(es): Giménez, Gustavo

Resumen:

Cannabis sativa L. has been grown in Anatolia since ancient times and commercial cultivation persists on a limited scale today. Valued for its durable fiber and nutritious seed, hemp was an important subsistence crop in many rural households. Throughout the Ottoman Empire hemp cordage, fabrics and oakum were maritime necessities and internationally traded commodities. During the twentieth century commercial hemp fiber and seed production levels fluctuated due to regulatory and market forces, eventually leading to a steady decline commencing in the 1980s. Hemp production in Turkey only survives today in specialized market settings, although recently production has increased. Historical data largely gleaned from Turkish language sources is presented along with personal communications and field observations.


La Cannabis sativa L. ha sido cultivada en Anatolia desde la antigüedad y hoy en día persiste su cultivo comercial en una escala limitada. Valorado por su fibra resistente y sus semillas nutritivas, el cáñamo fue un cultivo importante para el sustento de muchos hogares rurales. A lo largo del Imperio otomano, los cordajes de cáñamo, tejidos y estopa eran necesidades marítimas y productos comercializados a nivel internacional. Durante el siglo XX, los niveles de producción comercial de fibra y semillas de cáñamo fluctuaron debido a fuerzas regulatorias y del mercado, lo que finalmente llevó a un declive constante a partir de la década de 1980. La producción de cáñamo en Turquía solo sobrevive hoy en entornos de mercado especializados, aunque recientemente la producción ha aumentado. Se presentan datos históricos obtenidos en gran parte de fuentes en idioma turco, junto con comunicaciones personales y observaciones de campo.


A Cannabis sativa L. tem sido cultivada na Anatolia desde tempos antigos e o cultivo comercial persiste atualmente em uma escala limitada. Valorizado por sua fibra durável e semente nutritiva, o cânhamo foi uma importante cultura de subsistência em muitas famílias rurais. Em todo o Império Otomano, cordas de cânhamo, tecidos e estopa eram necessidades marítimas e commodities comercializadas internacionalmente. Ao longo do século XX, os níveis de produção comercial de fibra e semente de cânhamo flutuaram devido a forças regulatórias e de mercado, levando eventualmente a um declínio constante a partir da década de 1980. A produção de cânhamo na Turquia sobrevive apenas hoje em configurações de mercado especializadas, embora recentemente a produção tenha aumentado. Dados históricos em grande parte obtidos a partir de fontes em língua turca são apresentados juntamente com comunicações pessoais e observações de campo.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2023
Anatolia
Cáñamo
Cânhamo
Cannabis
Hemp
Regulaciones
Regulamentações
Regulations
Turkey
Turquia
Turquía
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/42285
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
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author Clarke, Robert
author_facet Clarke, Robert
author_role author
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dc.contributor.filiacion.none.fl_str_mv Clarke Robert, BioAgronomics Group Consultants, Los Angeles, California, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-0959
dc.creator.editor.none.fl_str_mv Giménez, Gustavo
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Clarke, Robert
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-01-31T16:57:52Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-01-31T16:57:52Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv Cannabis sativa L. has been grown in Anatolia since ancient times and commercial cultivation persists on a limited scale today. Valued for its durable fiber and nutritious seed, hemp was an important subsistence crop in many rural households. Throughout the Ottoman Empire hemp cordage, fabrics and oakum were maritime necessities and internationally traded commodities. During the twentieth century commercial hemp fiber and seed production levels fluctuated due to regulatory and market forces, eventually leading to a steady decline commencing in the 1980s. Hemp production in Turkey only survives today in specialized market settings, although recently production has increased. Historical data largely gleaned from Turkish language sources is presented along with personal communications and field observations.
La Cannabis sativa L. ha sido cultivada en Anatolia desde la antigüedad y hoy en día persiste su cultivo comercial en una escala limitada. Valorado por su fibra resistente y sus semillas nutritivas, el cáñamo fue un cultivo importante para el sustento de muchos hogares rurales. A lo largo del Imperio otomano, los cordajes de cáñamo, tejidos y estopa eran necesidades marítimas y productos comercializados a nivel internacional. Durante el siglo XX, los niveles de producción comercial de fibra y semillas de cáñamo fluctuaron debido a fuerzas regulatorias y del mercado, lo que finalmente llevó a un declive constante a partir de la década de 1980. La producción de cáñamo en Turquía solo sobrevive hoy en entornos de mercado especializados, aunque recientemente la producción ha aumentado. Se presentan datos históricos obtenidos en gran parte de fuentes en idioma turco, junto con comunicaciones personales y observaciones de campo.
A Cannabis sativa L. tem sido cultivada na Anatolia desde tempos antigos e o cultivo comercial persiste atualmente em uma escala limitada. Valorizado por sua fibra durável e semente nutritiva, o cânhamo foi uma importante cultura de subsistência em muitas famílias rurais. Em todo o Império Otomano, cordas de cânhamo, tecidos e estopa eram necessidades marítimas e commodities comercializadas internacionalmente. Ao longo do século XX, os níveis de produção comercial de fibra e semente de cânhamo flutuaram devido a forças regulatórias e de mercado, levando eventualmente a um declínio constante a partir da década de 1980. A produção de cânhamo na Turquia sobrevive apenas hoje em configurações de mercado especializadas, embora recentemente a produção tenha aumentado. Dados históricos em grande parte obtidos a partir de fontes em língua turca são apresentados juntamente com comunicações pessoais e observações de campo.
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dc.identifier.citation.es.fl_str_mv Clarke, R. (2023). Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations. Agrociencia Uruguay, 27,e1166. https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.27.1166
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.31285/AGRO.27.1166
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 2730-5066
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/42285
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv en
eng
dc.publisher.es.fl_str_mv Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República - INIA
dc.relation.ispartof.es.fl_str_mv Agrociencia Uruguay. 2023;27:e1166
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:COLIBRI
instname:Universidad de la República
instacron:Universidad de la República
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv Anatolia
Cáñamo
Cânhamo
Cannabis
Hemp
Regulaciones
Regulamentações
Regulations
Turkey
Turquia
Turquía
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations
Cultivo, procesamiento y producción de cáñamo anatolio (Cannabis sativa L.): historia y observaciones recientes
Cultivo, processamento e produção de cânhamo anatoliano (Cannabis sativa L.): história e observações recentes
dc.type.es.fl_str_mv Artículo
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
description Cannabis sativa L. has been grown in Anatolia since ancient times and commercial cultivation persists on a limited scale today. Valued for its durable fiber and nutritious seed, hemp was an important subsistence crop in many rural households. Throughout the Ottoman Empire hemp cordage, fabrics and oakum were maritime necessities and internationally traded commodities. During the twentieth century commercial hemp fiber and seed production levels fluctuated due to regulatory and market forces, eventually leading to a steady decline commencing in the 1980s. Hemp production in Turkey only survives today in specialized market settings, although recently production has increased. Historical data largely gleaned from Turkish language sources is presented along with personal communications and field observations.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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id COLIBRI_3f1d3dcf26ca648281daf9a9f5dbc310
identifier_str_mv Clarke, R. (2023). Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations. Agrociencia Uruguay, 27,e1166. https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.27.1166
2730-5066
10.31285/AGRO.27.1166
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publishDate 2023
reponame_str COLIBRI
repository.mail.fl_str_mv mabel.seroubian@seciu.edu.uy
repository.name.fl_str_mv COLIBRI - Universidad de la República
repository_id_str 4771
rights_invalid_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
spelling Clarke Robert, BioAgronomics Group Consultants, Los Angeles, California, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-09592024-01-31T16:57:52Z2024-01-31T16:57:52Z2023Clarke, R. (2023). Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations. Agrociencia Uruguay, 27,e1166. https://doi.org/10.31285/AGRO.27.11662730-5066https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/4228510.31285/AGRO.27.1166Cannabis sativa L. has been grown in Anatolia since ancient times and commercial cultivation persists on a limited scale today. Valued for its durable fiber and nutritious seed, hemp was an important subsistence crop in many rural households. Throughout the Ottoman Empire hemp cordage, fabrics and oakum were maritime necessities and internationally traded commodities. During the twentieth century commercial hemp fiber and seed production levels fluctuated due to regulatory and market forces, eventually leading to a steady decline commencing in the 1980s. Hemp production in Turkey only survives today in specialized market settings, although recently production has increased. Historical data largely gleaned from Turkish language sources is presented along with personal communications and field observations.La Cannabis sativa L. ha sido cultivada en Anatolia desde la antigüedad y hoy en día persiste su cultivo comercial en una escala limitada. Valorado por su fibra resistente y sus semillas nutritivas, el cáñamo fue un cultivo importante para el sustento de muchos hogares rurales. A lo largo del Imperio otomano, los cordajes de cáñamo, tejidos y estopa eran necesidades marítimas y productos comercializados a nivel internacional. Durante el siglo XX, los niveles de producción comercial de fibra y semillas de cáñamo fluctuaron debido a fuerzas regulatorias y del mercado, lo que finalmente llevó a un declive constante a partir de la década de 1980. La producción de cáñamo en Turquía solo sobrevive hoy en entornos de mercado especializados, aunque recientemente la producción ha aumentado. Se presentan datos históricos obtenidos en gran parte de fuentes en idioma turco, junto con comunicaciones personales y observaciones de campo.A Cannabis sativa L. tem sido cultivada na Anatolia desde tempos antigos e o cultivo comercial persiste atualmente em uma escala limitada. Valorizado por sua fibra durável e semente nutritiva, o cânhamo foi uma importante cultura de subsistência em muitas famílias rurais. Em todo o Império Otomano, cordas de cânhamo, tecidos e estopa eram necessidades marítimas e commodities comercializadas internacionalmente. Ao longo do século XX, os níveis de produção comercial de fibra e semente de cânhamo flutuaram devido a forças regulatórias e de mercado, levando eventualmente a um declínio constante a partir da década de 1980. A produção de cânhamo na Turquia sobrevive apenas hoje em configurações de mercado especializadas, embora recentemente a produção tenha aumentado. Dados históricos em grande parte obtidos a partir de fontes em língua turca são apresentados juntamente com comunicações pessoais e observações de campo.Submitted by Colombo Cabanas Stephanie (colombo@fagro.edu.uy) on 2024-01-30T17:44:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 24251 bytes, checksum: 71ed42ef0a0b648670f707320be37b90 (MD5) 2730-5066--1166.pdf: 620457 bytes, checksum: c9c763865079e97f086d9cd81a61faa0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Muniz Andrea (rosmeri8@hotmail.com) on 2024-01-31T16:16:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 24251 bytes, checksum: 71ed42ef0a0b648670f707320be37b90 (MD5) 2730-5066--1166.pdf: 620457 bytes, checksum: c9c763865079e97f086d9cd81a61faa0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace by Seroubian Mabel (mabel.seroubian@seciu.edu.uy) on 2024-01-31T16:57:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 24251 bytes, checksum: 71ed42ef0a0b648670f707320be37b90 (MD5) 2730-5066--1166.pdf: 620457 bytes, checksum: c9c763865079e97f086d9cd81a61faa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2023e1166application/pdfenengFacultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República - INIAAgrociencia Uruguay. 2023;27:e1166Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)AnatoliaCáñamoCânhamoCannabisHempRegulacionesRegulamentaçõesRegulationsTurkeyTurquiaTurquíaAnatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observationsCultivo, procesamiento y producción de cáñamo anatolio (Cannabis sativa L.): historia y observaciones recientesCultivo, processamento e produção de cânhamo anatoliano (Cannabis sativa L.): história e observações recentesArtículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionreponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaClarke, RobertGiménez, GustavoLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84267http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/42285/5/license.txt6429389a7df7277b72b7924fdc7d47a9MD55CC-LICENSElicense_urllicense_urltext/plain; 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- Universidad de la Repúblicafalse
spellingShingle Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations
Clarke, Robert
Anatolia
Cáñamo
Cânhamo
Cannabis
Hemp
Regulaciones
Regulamentações
Regulations
Turkey
Turquia
Turquía
status_str publishedVersion
title Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations
title_full Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations
title_fullStr Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations
title_full_unstemmed Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations
title_short Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations
title_sort Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production: history and recent observations
topic Anatolia
Cáñamo
Cânhamo
Cannabis
Hemp
Regulaciones
Regulamentações
Regulations
Turkey
Turquia
Turquía
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/42285