What’s behind Okun’s law? A multiple equation approach to the Uruguayan labour market

Porras, Sylvina - Suárez Cal, Mauricio

Resumen:

The objective of this research is to overcome the limitations of conventional Okun's coefficient estimations, highlighting the indirect nature of the effect of the GDP over the unemployment rate. To do so, we estimate a multiple equation model composed by a labour demand, a labour supply and a real wages equation. Our results shed light on the determinants of the demand, the supply and wages. We found that both labour demand and supply react positively to GDP and negatively to wages, but the supply side with lower intensity than demand with respect to both variables. Based on simulations of shocks, we analysed how the variations of the GDP impact on unemployment and found that the effect is not as large as previous research have presented. This result suggests that the estimation of Okun's coefficient arising from a single equation model with only unemployment and GDP as variables suffers from the omitted variables bias, as it captures part of the effects of other variables that affect labour demand and/or labour supply.


El objetivo de esta investigación es superar las limitaciones de las estimaciones convencionales del coeficiente de Okun, destacando la naturaleza indirecta del efecto del producto sobre la tasa de desempleo. Para ello, estimamos un modelo de ecuaciones múltiples compuesto por una ecuación de demanda de trabajo, una de oferta de trabajo, y una ecuación de salarios reales. Nuestros resultados arrojan luz sobre los determinantes de la demanda, la oferta y el precio del trabajo. Encontramos que tanto la demanda como la oferta de trabajo reaccionan positivamente al PIB y negativamente a los salarios, pero la oferta lo hace con menor intensidad que la demanda respecto a ambas variables. Basándonos en simulaciones de shocks, analizamos cómo las variaciones del PIB impactan en el desempleo y encontramos que el efecto no es tan grande como el que presentaban investigaciones anteriores. Este resultado sugiere que la estimación del coeficiente de Okun que surge de un modelo uniecuacional con sólo al desempleo y al PIB como variables, sufre del sesgo de variables omitidas, ya que recoge parte de los efectos de otras variables que inciden sobre la demanda o la oferta de trabajo.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2021
Okun's law
ARDL
Producto
Desempleo
Ley de Okun
Output
Multiple equation model
Unemployment
Modelo de ecuaciones múltiples
PRODUCCION
EMPLEO
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/30953
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
Resumen:
Sumario:The objective of this research is to overcome the limitations of conventional Okun's coefficient estimations, highlighting the indirect nature of the effect of the GDP over the unemployment rate. To do so, we estimate a multiple equation model composed by a labour demand, a labour supply and a real wages equation. Our results shed light on the determinants of the demand, the supply and wages. We found that both labour demand and supply react positively to GDP and negatively to wages, but the supply side with lower intensity than demand with respect to both variables. Based on simulations of shocks, we analysed how the variations of the GDP impact on unemployment and found that the effect is not as large as previous research have presented. This result suggests that the estimation of Okun's coefficient arising from a single equation model with only unemployment and GDP as variables suffers from the omitted variables bias, as it captures part of the effects of other variables that affect labour demand and/or labour supply.