Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks

Capdehourat, Germán - Larroca, Federico - Belzarena, Pablo

Resumen:

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged in the last years as a cost-efficient alternative to traditional wired access networks. In the context of WMNs resources are intrinsically scarce, which has led to the proposal of dynamic routing in order to fully exploit the network capacity. We argue instead in favour of separating routing from forwarding (i.e. a la MPLS). Our proposal is a dynamic load-balancing scheme that forwards incoming packets along several pre-established paths in order to minimize a certain congestion function. We consider a particular but very typical scenario: a planned WMN where all links do not interfere with each other. We use a simple and versatile congestion function: the sum of the average queue length over all network nodes interfaces. We present a method to learn this function from measurements and several simulations to illustrate the framework, comparing our proposal with the IEEE 802.11s standard.


Detalles Bibliográficos
2014
Wireless mesh networks
Trac engineering
Load-balancing
Telecomunicaciones
Inglés
Universidad de la República
COLIBRI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/41792
Acceso abierto
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
_version_ 1807522938990100480
author Capdehourat, Germán
author2 Larroca, Federico
Belzarena, Pablo
author2_role author
author
author_facet Capdehourat, Germán
Larroca, Federico
Belzarena, Pablo
author_role author
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 528b6a3c8c7d0c6e28129d576e989607
9833653f73f7853880c94a6fead477b1
4afdbb8c545fd630ea7db775da747b2f
9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306
53f57fc81d958f9478ea451f200b01ab
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/5/license.txt
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/2/license_text
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/3/license_url
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/4/license_rdf
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/1/CLB14.pdf
collection COLIBRI
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Capdehourat, Germán
Larroca, Federico
Belzarena, Pablo
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-11T19:57:47Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-11T19:57:47Z
dc.date.issued.es.fl_str_mv 2014
dc.date.submitted.es.fl_str_mv 20231211
dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged in the last years as a cost-efficient alternative to traditional wired access networks. In the context of WMNs resources are intrinsically scarce, which has led to the proposal of dynamic routing in order to fully exploit the network capacity. We argue instead in favour of separating routing from forwarding (i.e. a la MPLS). Our proposal is a dynamic load-balancing scheme that forwards incoming packets along several pre-established paths in order to minimize a certain congestion function. We consider a particular but very typical scenario: a planned WMN where all links do not interfere with each other. We use a simple and versatile congestion function: the sum of the average queue length over all network nodes interfaces. We present a method to learn this function from measurements and several simulations to illustrate the framework, comparing our proposal with the IEEE 802.11s standard.
dc.identifier.citation.es.fl_str_mv Capdehourat, G, Larroca, F, Belzarena, P. "Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks" [Preprint] Publicado en: Computer Communications,v.38, 2014, pp 36-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2013.10.007
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/41792
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv en
eng
dc.relation.ispartof.es.fl_str_mv ,
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:COLIBRI
instname:Universidad de la República
instacron:Universidad de la República
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv Wireless mesh networks
Trac engineering
Load-balancing
dc.subject.other.es.fl_str_mv Telecomunicaciones
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks
dc.type.es.fl_str_mv Preprint
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion
description Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged in the last years as a cost-efficient alternative to traditional wired access networks. In the context of WMNs resources are intrinsically scarce, which has led to the proposal of dynamic routing in order to fully exploit the network capacity. We argue instead in favour of separating routing from forwarding (i.e. a la MPLS). Our proposal is a dynamic load-balancing scheme that forwards incoming packets along several pre-established paths in order to minimize a certain congestion function. We consider a particular but very typical scenario: a planned WMN where all links do not interfere with each other. We use a simple and versatile congestion function: the sum of the average queue length over all network nodes interfaces. We present a method to learn this function from measurements and several simulations to illustrate the framework, comparing our proposal with the IEEE 802.11s standard.
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
format preprint
id COLIBRI_224bb7249c67ec978c741d8269094170
identifier_str_mv Capdehourat, G, Larroca, F, Belzarena, P. "Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks" [Preprint] Publicado en: Computer Communications,v.38, 2014, pp 36-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2013.10.007
instacron_str Universidad de la República
institution Universidad de la República
instname_str Universidad de la República
language eng
language_invalid_str_mv en
network_acronym_str COLIBRI
network_name_str COLIBRI
oai_identifier_str oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/41792
publishDate 2014
reponame_str COLIBRI
repository.mail.fl_str_mv mabel.seroubian@seciu.edu.uy
repository.name.fl_str_mv COLIBRI - Universidad de la República
repository_id_str 4771
rights_invalid_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)
spelling 2023-12-11T19:57:47Z2023-12-11T19:57:47Z201420231211Capdehourat, G, Larroca, F, Belzarena, P. "Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks" [Preprint] Publicado en: Computer Communications,v.38, 2014, pp 36-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2013.10.007https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/41792Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged in the last years as a cost-efficient alternative to traditional wired access networks. In the context of WMNs resources are intrinsically scarce, which has led to the proposal of dynamic routing in order to fully exploit the network capacity. We argue instead in favour of separating routing from forwarding (i.e. a la MPLS). Our proposal is a dynamic load-balancing scheme that forwards incoming packets along several pre-established paths in order to minimize a certain congestion function. We consider a particular but very typical scenario: a planned WMN where all links do not interfere with each other. We use a simple and versatile congestion function: the sum of the average queue length over all network nodes interfaces. We present a method to learn this function from measurements and several simulations to illustrate the framework, comparing our proposal with the IEEE 802.11s standard.Made available in DSpace on 2023-12-11T19:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 CLB14.pdf: 1044869 bytes, checksum: 53f57fc81d958f9478ea451f200b01ab (MD5) license_text: 21936 bytes, checksum: 9833653f73f7853880c94a6fead477b1 (MD5) license_url: 49 bytes, checksum: 4afdbb8c545fd630ea7db775da747b2f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) license.txt: 4244 bytes, checksum: 528b6a3c8c7d0c6e28129d576e989607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014eneng,Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad De La República. (Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)Wireless mesh networksTrac engineeringLoad-balancingTelecomunicacionesOptimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networksPreprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/preprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersionreponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaCapdehourat, GermánLarroca, FedericoBelzarena, PabloTelecomunicacionesAnálisis de Redes, Tráfico y Estadísticas de ServiciosLICENSElicense.txttext/plain4244http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/5/license.txt528b6a3c8c7d0c6e28129d576e989607MD55CC-LICENSElicense_textapplication/octet-stream21936http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/2/license_text9833653f73f7853880c94a6fead477b1MD52license_urlapplication/octet-stream49http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/3/license_url4afdbb8c545fd630ea7db775da747b2fMD53license_rdfapplication/octet-stream23148http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/4/license_rdf9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306MD54ORIGINALCLB14.pdfapplication/pdf1044869http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/41792/1/CLB14.pdf53f57fc81d958f9478ea451f200b01abMD5120.500.12008/417922024-07-24 17:25:48.525oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/41792VGVybWlub3MgeSBjb25kaWNpb25lcyByZWxhdGl2YXMgYWwgZGVwb3NpdG8gZGUgb2JyYXMNCg0KDQpMYXMgb2JyYXMgZGVwb3NpdGFkYXMgZW4gZWwgUmVwb3NpdG9yaW8gc2UgcmlnZW4gcG9yIGxhIE9yZGVuYW56YSBkZSBsb3MgRGVyZWNob3MgZGUgbGEgUHJvcGllZGFkIEludGVsZWN0dWFsICBkZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBEZSBMYSBSZXDvv71ibGljYS4gKFJlcy4gTu+/vSA5MSBkZSBDLkQuQy4gZGUgOC9JSUkvMTk5NCDvv70gRC5PLiA3L0lWLzE5OTQpIHkgIHBvciBsYSBPcmRlbmFuemEgZGVsIFJlcG9zaXRvcmlvIEFiaWVydG8gZGUgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgZGUgbGEgUmVw77+9YmxpY2EgKFJlcy4gTu+/vSAxNiBkZSBDLkQuQy4gZGUgMDcvMTAvMjAxNCkuIA0KDQpBY2VwdGFuZG8gZWwgYXV0b3IgZXN0b3MgdO+/vXJtaW5vcyB5IGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGRlcO+/vXNpdG8gZW4gQ09MSUJSSSwgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgZGUgUmVw77+9YmxpY2EgcHJvY2VkZXLvv70gYTogIA0KDQphKSBhcmNoaXZhciBt77+9cyBkZSB1bmEgY29waWEgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBlbiBsb3Mgc2Vydmlkb3JlcyBkZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBhIGxvcyBlZmVjdG9zIGRlIGdhcmFudGl6YXIgYWNjZXNvLCBzZWd1cmlkYWQgeSBwcmVzZXJ2YWNp77+9bg0KYikgY29udmVydGlyIGxhIG9icmEgYSBvdHJvcyBmb3JtYXRvcyBzaSBmdWVyYSBuZWNlc2FyaW8gIHBhcmEgZmFjaWxpdGFyIHN1IHByZXNlcnZhY2nvv71uIHkgYWNjZXNpYmlsaWRhZCBzaW4gYWx0ZXJhciBzdSBjb250ZW5pZG8uDQpjKSByZWFsaXphciBsYSBjb211bmljYWNp77+9biBw77+9YmxpY2EgeSBkaXNwb25lciBlbCBhY2Nlc28gbGlicmUgeSBncmF0dWl0byBhIHRyYXbvv71zIGRlIEludGVybmV0IG1lZGlhbnRlIGxhIHB1YmxpY2Fjae+/vW4gZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBiYWpvIGxhIGxpY2VuY2lhIENyZWF0aXZlIENvbW1vbnMgc2VsZWNjaW9uYWRhIHBvciBlbCBwcm9waW8gYXV0b3IuDQoNCg0KRW4gY2FzbyBxdWUgZWwgYXV0b3IgaGF5YSBkaWZ1bmRpZG8geSBkYWRvIGEgcHVibGljaWRhZCBhIGxhIG9icmEgZW4gZm9ybWEgcHJldmlhLCAgcG9kcu+/vSBzb2xpY2l0YXIgdW4gcGVy77+9b2RvIGRlIGVtYmFyZ28gc29icmUgbGEgZGlzcG9uaWJpbGlkYWQgcO+/vWJsaWNhIGRlIGxhIG1pc21hLCBlbCBjdWFsIGNvbWVuemFy77+9IGEgcGFydGlyIGRlIGxhIGFjZXB0YWNp77+9biBkZSBlc3RlIGRvY3VtZW50byB5IGhhc3RhIGxhIGZlY2hhIHF1ZSBpbmRpcXVlIC4NCg0KRWwgYXV0b3IgYXNlZ3VyYSBxdWUgbGEgb2JyYSBubyBpbmZyaWdlIG5pbmfvv71uIGRlcmVjaG8gc29icmUgdGVyY2Vyb3MsIHlhIHNlYSBkZSBwcm9waWVkYWQgaW50ZWxlY3R1YWwgbyBjdWFscXVpZXIgb3Ryby4NCg0KRWwgYXV0b3IgZ2FyYW50aXphIHF1ZSBzaSBlbCBkb2N1bWVudG8gY29udGllbmUgbWF0ZXJpYWxlcyBkZSBsb3MgY3VhbGVzIG5vIHRpZW5lIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciwgIGhhIG9idGVuaWRvIGVsIHBlcm1pc28gZGVsIHByb3BpZXRhcmlvIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciwgeSBxdWUgZXNlIG1hdGVyaWFsIGN1eW9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIHNvbiBkZSB0ZXJjZXJvcyBlc3Tvv70gY2xhcmFtZW50ZSBpZGVudGlmaWNhZG8geSByZWNvbm9jaWRvIGVuIGVsIHRleHRvIG8gY29udGVuaWRvIGRlbCBkb2N1bWVudG8gZGVwb3NpdGFkbyBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3Jpby4NCg0KRW4gb2JyYXMgZGUgYXV0b3Lvv71hIG3vv71sdGlwbGUgL3NlIHByZXN1bWUvIHF1ZSBlbCBhdXRvciBkZXBvc2l0YW50ZSBkZWNsYXJhIHF1ZSBoYSByZWNhYmFkbyBlbCBjb25zZW50aW1pZW50byBkZSB0b2RvcyBsb3MgYXV0b3JlcyBwYXJhIHB1YmxpY2FybGEgZW4gZWwgUmVwb3NpdG9yaW8sIHNpZW5kbyDvv71zdGUgZWwg77+9bmljbyByZXNwb25zYWJsZSBmcmVudGUgYSBjdWFscXVpZXIgdGlwbyBkZSByZWNsYW1hY2nvv71uIGRlIGxvcyBvdHJvcyBjb2F1dG9yZXMuDQoNCkVsIGF1dG9yIHNlcu+/vSByZXNwb25zYWJsZSBkZWwgY29udGVuaWRvIGRlIGxvcyBkb2N1bWVudG9zIHF1ZSBkZXBvc2l0YS4gTGEgVURFTEFSIG5vIHNlcu+/vSByZXNwb25zYWJsZSBwb3IgbGFzIGV2ZW50dWFsZXMgdmlvbGFjaW9uZXMgYWwgZGVyZWNobyBkZSBwcm9waWVkYWQgaW50ZWxlY3R1YWwgZW4gcXVlIHB1ZWRhIGluY3VycmlyIGVsIGF1dG9yLg0KDQpBbnRlIGN1YWxxdWllciBkZW51bmNpYSBkZSB2aW9sYWNp77+9biBkZSBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBwcm9waWVkYWQgaW50ZWxlY3R1YWwsIGxhIFVERUxBUiAgYWRvcHRhcu+/vSB0b2RhcyBsYXMgbWVkaWRhcyBuZWNlc2FyaWFzIHBhcmEgZXZpdGFyIGxhIGNvbnRpbnVhY2nvv71uIGRlIGRpY2hhIGluZnJhY2Np77+9biwgbGFzIHF1ZSBwb2Ry77+9biBpbmNsdWlyIGVsIHJldGlybyBkZWwgYWNjZXNvIGEgbG9zIGNvbnRlbmlkb3MgeS9vIG1ldGFkYXRvcyBkZWwgZG9jdW1lbnRvIHJlc3BlY3Rpdm8uDQoNCkxhIG9icmEgc2UgcG9uZHLvv70gYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nvv71uIGRlbCBw77+9YmxpY28gYSB0cmF277+9cyBkZSBsYXMgbGljZW5jaWFzIENyZWF0aXZlIENvbW1vbnMsIGVsIGF1dG9yIHBvZHLvv70gc2VsZWNjaW9uYXIgdW5hIGRlIGxhcyA2IGxpY2VuY2lhcyBkaXNwb25pYmxlczoNCg0KDQpBdHJpYnVjae+/vW4gKENDIC0gQnkpOiBQZXJtaXRlIHVzYXIgbGEgb2JyYSB5IGdlbmVyYXIgb2JyYXMgZGVyaXZhZGFzLCBpbmNsdXNvIGNvbiBmaW5lcyBjb21lcmNpYWxlcywgc2llbXByZSBxdWUgc2UgcmVjb25vemNhIGFsIGF1dG9yLg0KDQpBdHJpYnVjae+/vW4g77+9IENvbXBhcnRpciBJZ3VhbCAoQ0MgLSBCeS1TQSk6IFBlcm1pdGUgdXNhciBsYSBvYnJhIHkgZ2VuZXJhciBvYnJhcyBkZXJpdmFkYXMsIGluY2x1c28gY29uIGZpbmVzIGNvbWVyY2lhbGVzLCBwZXJvIGxhIGRpc3RyaWJ1Y2nvv71uIGRlIGxhcyBvYnJhcyBkZXJpdmFkYXMgZGViZSBoYWNlcnNlIG1lZGlhbnRlIHVuYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBpZO+/vW50aWNhIGEgbGEgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBvcmlnaW5hbCwgcmVjb25vY2llbmRvIGEgbG9zIGF1dG9yZXMuDQoNCkF0cmlidWNp77+9biDvv70gTm8gQ29tZXJjaWFsIChDQyAtIEJ5LU5DKTogUGVybWl0ZSB1c2FyIGxhIG9icmEgeSBnZW5lcmFyIG9icmFzIGRlcml2YWRhcywgc2llbXByZSB5IGN1YW5kbyBlc29zIHVzb3Mgbm8gdGVuZ2FuIGZpbmVzIGNvbWVyY2lhbGVzLCByZWNvbm9jaWVuZG8gYWwgYXV0b3IuDQoNCkF0cmlidWNp77+9biDvv70gU2luIERlcml2YWRhcyAoQ0MgLSBCeS1ORCk6IFBlcm1pdGUgZWwgdXNvIGRlIGxhIG9icmEsIGluY2x1c28gY29uIGZpbmVzIGNvbWVyY2lhbGVzLCBwZXJvIG5vIHNlIHBlcm1pdGUgZ2VuZXJhciBvYnJhcyBkZXJpdmFkYXMsIGRlYmllbmRvIHJlY29ub2NlciBhbCBhdXRvci4NCg0KQXRyaWJ1Y2nvv71uIO+/vSBObyBDb21lcmNpYWwg77+9IENvbXBhcnRpciBJZ3VhbCAoQ0Mg77+9IEJ5LU5DLVNBKTogUGVybWl0ZSB1c2FyIGxhIG9icmEgeSBnZW5lcmFyIG9icmFzIGRlcml2YWRhcywgc2llbXByZSB5IGN1YW5kbyBlc29zIHVzb3Mgbm8gdGVuZ2FuIGZpbmVzIGNvbWVyY2lhbGVzIHkgbGEgZGlzdHJpYnVjae+/vW4gZGUgbGFzIG9icmFzIGRlcml2YWRhcyBzZSBoYWdhIG1lZGlhbnRlIGxpY2VuY2lhIGlk77+9bnRpY2EgYSBsYSBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIG9yaWdpbmFsLCByZWNvbm9jaWVuZG8gYSBsb3MgYXV0b3Jlcy4NCg0KQXRyaWJ1Y2nvv71uIO+/vSBObyBDb21lcmNpYWwg77+9IFNpbiBEZXJpdmFkYXMgKENDIC0gQnktTkMtTkQpOiBQZXJtaXRlIHVzYXIgbGEgb2JyYSwgcGVybyBubyBzZSBwZXJtaXRlIGdlbmVyYXIgb2JyYXMgZGVyaXZhZGFzIHkgbm8gc2UgcGVybWl0ZSB1c28gY29uIGZpbmVzIGNvbWVyY2lhbGVzLCBkZWJpZW5kbyByZWNvbm9jZXIgYWwgYXV0b3IuDQoNCkxvcyB1c29zIHByZXZpc3RvcyBlbiBsYXMgbGljZW5jaWFzIGluY2x1eWVuIGxhIGVuYWplbmFjae+/vW4sIHJlcHJvZHVjY2nvv71uLCBjb211bmljYWNp77+9biwgcHVibGljYWNp77+9biwgZGlzdHJpYnVjae+/vW4geSBwdWVzdGEgYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nvv71uIGRlbCBw77+9YmxpY28uIExhIGNyZWFjae+/vW4gZGUgb2JyYXMgZGVyaXZhZGFzIGluY2x1eWUgbGEgYWRhcHRhY2nvv71uLCB0cmFkdWNjae+/vW4geSBlbCByZW1peC4NCg0KQ3VhbmRvIHNlIHNlbGVjY2lvbmUgdW5hIGxpY2VuY2lhIHF1ZSBoYWJpbGl0ZSB1c29zIGNvbWVyY2lhbGVzLCBlbCBkZXDvv71zaXRvIGRlYmVy77+9IHNlciBhY29tcGHvv71hZG8gZGVsIGF2YWwgZGVsIGplcmFyY2Egbe+/vXhpbW8gZGVsIFNlcnZpY2lvIGNvcnJlc3BvbmRpZW50ZS4NCg0KDQoNCg0KDQoNCg0KDQo=Universidadhttps://udelar.edu.uy/https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/oai/requestmabel.seroubian@seciu.edu.uyUruguayopendoar:47712024-07-25T14:33:40.895795COLIBRI - Universidad de la Repúblicafalse
spellingShingle Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks
Capdehourat, Germán
Wireless mesh networks
Trac engineering
Load-balancing
Telecomunicaciones
status_str submittedVersion
title Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks
title_full Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks
title_fullStr Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks
title_full_unstemmed Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks
title_short Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks
title_sort Optimal multipath forwarding in planned wireless mesh networks
topic Wireless mesh networks
Trac engineering
Load-balancing
Telecomunicaciones
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/41792