Poverty in Latin America: feelings/perceptions Vs. material conditions
Resumen:
Income-based objective welfare indicators may fail to account for important socio-economic factors that could affect the level of a household’s well- being. This has led to the development of subjective measures of well-being, based on respondent’s self-assessments of welfare questions. In this article, we derive subjective poverty lines for seven Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay) based on a Minimum Income Question included in household expenditure surveys. We compare poverty incidence under the subjective and objective approach and find that subjective poverty is larger than objective poverty for all countries. People that are identified as poor are generaly poor by both measures or only subjective poor, although the patterns of overlapping differ between countries. Thus, being income poor does not comletely coincide with feeling poor. We explore the factors associated to considering oneself as poor -that is, being subjectively poor- when the per capita household income is higher than the absolute poverty line. In general terms, unemployment and informality are associated with higher probability of subjective poverty. Other factors not directly involving income but reflecting high economic security, such as having health insurance, home ownership, the quality of housing and an asset index, also tend to reduce the probability of feeling poor. Finally, the welfare stigma effect seems not hold, at least in terms of subjective poverty.
Los indicadores objetivos de bienestar basados en los ingresos pueden no tener en cuenta importantes factores socioeconómicos que podrían afectar al nivel de bienestar de un hogar. Esto ha llevado al desarrollo de medidas subjetivas de bienestar, basadas en las autoevaluaciones de los encuestados sobre su bienestar. En este artículo, se derivan líneas de pobreza subjetivas para siete países latinoamericanos (Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Paraguay, Perú y Uruguay) basadas en una pregunta de Ingreso Mínimo incluida en las encuestas de gasto de los hogares. A partir de ello, se compara la incidencia de la pobreza bajo el enfoque subjetivo y objetivo encontrando que la pobreza subjetiva es mayor que la pobreza objetiva para todos los países. Las personas identificadas como pobres son generalmente pobres según ambas medidas o sólo pobres subjetivos, aunque los patrones de superposición difieren entre países. De este modo, ser pobre de ingresos no coincide totalmente con sentirse pobre. Se exploran los factores asociados a considerarse pobre -es decir, ser pobre subjetivo- cuando el ingreso per cápita del hogar es superior al umbral de pobreza absoluta. En términos generales, el desempleo y la informalidad se asocian a una mayor probabilidad de pobreza subjetiva. Otros factores que no tienen que ver directamente con los ingresos pero que reflejan una elevada seguridad económica, como tener seguro médico, ser propietario de una vivienda, la calidad de la vivienda y un índice de activos, también tienden a reducir la probabilidad de sentirse pobre. Por último, no se identifican efectos de estigma de la asistencia social, al menos en lo que se refiere a la pobreza subjetiva.
2024 | |
Poverty lines Latin America Subjective poverty Líneas de pobreza Pobreza subjetiva América Latina POBREZA |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/43369 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
Sumario: | Income-based objective welfare indicators may fail to account for important socio-economic factors that could affect the level of a household’s well- being. This has led to the development of subjective measures of well-being, based on respondent’s self-assessments of welfare questions. In this article, we derive subjective poverty lines for seven Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay) based on a Minimum Income Question included in household expenditure surveys. We compare poverty incidence under the subjective and objective approach and find that subjective poverty is larger than objective poverty for all countries. People that are identified as poor are generaly poor by both measures or only subjective poor, although the patterns of overlapping differ between countries. Thus, being income poor does not comletely coincide with feeling poor. We explore the factors associated to considering oneself as poor -that is, being subjectively poor- when the per capita household income is higher than the absolute poverty line. In general terms, unemployment and informality are associated with higher probability of subjective poverty. Other factors not directly involving income but reflecting high economic security, such as having health insurance, home ownership, the quality of housing and an asset index, also tend to reduce the probability of feeling poor. Finally, the welfare stigma effect seems not hold, at least in terms of subjective poverty. |
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