GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation
Resumen:
There is growing interest in applying graph-based methods to Time Series Anomaly Detection (TSAD), particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), as they naturally model dependencies among multivariate signals. GNNs are typically used as backbones in score-based TSAD pipelines, where anomalies are identified through reconstruction or prediction errors followed by thresholding. However, and despite promising results, the field still lacks standardized frameworks for evaluation and suffers from persistent issues with metric design and interpretation. We thus present an open-source framework for TSAD using GNNs, designed to support reproducible experimentation across datasets, graph structures, and evaluation strategies. Built with flexibility and extensibility in mind, the framework facilitates systematic comparisons between TSAD models and enables in-depth analysis of performance and interpretability. Using this tool, we evaluate several GNN-based architectures alongside baseline models across two real-world datasets with contrasting structural characteristics. Our results show that GNNs not only improve detection performance but also offer significant gains in interpretability, an especially valuable feature for practical diagnosis. We also find that attention-based GNNs offer robustness when graph structure is uncertain or inferred. In addition, we reflect on common evaluation practices in TSAD, showing how certain metrics and thresholding strategies can obscure meaningful comparisons. Overall, this work contributes both practical tools and critical insights to advance the development and evaluation of graph-based TSAD systems.
| 2026 | |
|
Multivariate Time Series Graph Neural Networks Evaluation Metrics Score-based Anomaly Detection Methodological Assessment |
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| Inglés | |
| Universidad de la República | |
| COLIBRI | |
| https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54348 | |
| Acceso abierto | |
| Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
| _version_ | 1877555232995540992 |
|---|---|
| author | Bello, Federico |
| author2 | Chiarlone, Gonzalo Fiori, Marcelo García González, Gastón Larroca, Federico |
| author2_role | author author author author |
| author_facet | Bello, Federico Chiarlone, Gonzalo Fiori, Marcelo García González, Gastón Larroca, Federico |
| author_role | author |
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| collection | COLIBRI |
| dc.contributor.filiacion.none.fl_str_mv | Bello Federico, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería. Chiarlone Gonzalo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería. Fiori Marcelo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería. García González Gastón, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería. Larroca Federico, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería. |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Bello, Federico Chiarlone, Gonzalo Fiori, Marcelo García González, Gastón Larroca, Federico |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv | 2026-04-14T17:50:37Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv | 2026-04-14T17:50:37Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv | 2026 |
| dc.description.abstract.none.fl_txt_mv | There is growing interest in applying graph-based methods to Time Series Anomaly Detection (TSAD), particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), as they naturally model dependencies among multivariate signals. GNNs are typically used as backbones in score-based TSAD pipelines, where anomalies are identified through reconstruction or prediction errors followed by thresholding. However, and despite promising results, the field still lacks standardized frameworks for evaluation and suffers from persistent issues with metric design and interpretation. We thus present an open-source framework for TSAD using GNNs, designed to support reproducible experimentation across datasets, graph structures, and evaluation strategies. Built with flexibility and extensibility in mind, the framework facilitates systematic comparisons between TSAD models and enables in-depth analysis of performance and interpretability. Using this tool, we evaluate several GNN-based architectures alongside baseline models across two real-world datasets with contrasting structural characteristics. Our results show that GNNs not only improve detection performance but also offer significant gains in interpretability, an especially valuable feature for practical diagnosis. We also find that attention-based GNNs offer robustness when graph structure is uncertain or inferred. In addition, we reflect on common evaluation practices in TSAD, showing how certain metrics and thresholding strategies can obscure meaningful comparisons. Overall, this work contributes both practical tools and critical insights to advance the development and evaluation of graph-based TSAD systems. |
| dc.format.extent.es.fl_str_mv | 9 p. |
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| dc.identifier.citation.es.fl_str_mv | Bello, F., Chiarlone, G., Fiori, M. y otros. GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation [en línea]. EN: ICPRAM 2026 : 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, Marbella, Spain, 02-04 mar. 2026, pp. 1-9. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54348 |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv | en eng |
| dc.publisher.es.fl_str_mv | ICPRAM |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv | ICPRAM 2026 : 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, Marbella, Spain, 02-04 mar. 2026, pp. 1-9. |
| dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv | Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | reponame:COLIBRI instname:Universidad de la República instacron:Universidad de la República |
| dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv | Multivariate Time Series Graph Neural Networks Evaluation Metrics Score-based Anomaly Detection Methodological Assessment |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation |
| dc.type.es.fl_str_mv | Ponencia |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject |
| dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| description | There is growing interest in applying graph-based methods to Time Series Anomaly Detection (TSAD), particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), as they naturally model dependencies among multivariate signals. GNNs are typically used as backbones in score-based TSAD pipelines, where anomalies are identified through reconstruction or prediction errors followed by thresholding. However, and despite promising results, the field still lacks standardized frameworks for evaluation and suffers from persistent issues with metric design and interpretation. We thus present an open-source framework for TSAD using GNNs, designed to support reproducible experimentation across datasets, graph structures, and evaluation strategies. Built with flexibility and extensibility in mind, the framework facilitates systematic comparisons between TSAD models and enables in-depth analysis of performance and interpretability. Using this tool, we evaluate several GNN-based architectures alongside baseline models across two real-world datasets with contrasting structural characteristics. Our results show that GNNs not only improve detection performance but also offer significant gains in interpretability, an especially valuable feature for practical diagnosis. We also find that attention-based GNNs offer robustness when graph structure is uncertain or inferred. In addition, we reflect on common evaluation practices in TSAD, showing how certain metrics and thresholding strategies can obscure meaningful comparisons. Overall, this work contributes both practical tools and critical insights to advance the development and evaluation of graph-based TSAD systems. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | conferenceObject |
| id | COLIBRI_1c8d6d136a86b6b261652b76768cfcc3 |
| identifier_str_mv | Bello, F., Chiarlone, G., Fiori, M. y otros. GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation [en línea]. EN: ICPRAM 2026 : 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, Marbella, Spain, 02-04 mar. 2026, pp. 1-9. |
| instacron_str | Universidad de la República |
| institution | Universidad de la República |
| instname_str | Universidad de la República |
| language | eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv | en |
| network_acronym_str | COLIBRI |
| network_name_str | COLIBRI |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/54348 |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| reponame_str | COLIBRI |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | karina.camps@seciu.edu.uy |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | COLIBRI - Universidad de la República |
| repository_id_str | 4771 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv | Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
| spelling | Bello Federico, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.Chiarlone Gonzalo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.Fiori Marcelo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.García González Gastón, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.Larroca Federico, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ingeniería.2026-04-14T17:50:37Z2026-04-14T17:50:37Z2026Bello, F., Chiarlone, G., Fiori, M. y otros. GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation [en línea]. EN: ICPRAM 2026 : 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, Marbella, Spain, 02-04 mar. 2026, pp. 1-9.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54348There is growing interest in applying graph-based methods to Time Series Anomaly Detection (TSAD), particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), as they naturally model dependencies among multivariate signals. GNNs are typically used as backbones in score-based TSAD pipelines, where anomalies are identified through reconstruction or prediction errors followed by thresholding. However, and despite promising results, the field still lacks standardized frameworks for evaluation and suffers from persistent issues with metric design and interpretation. We thus present an open-source framework for TSAD using GNNs, designed to support reproducible experimentation across datasets, graph structures, and evaluation strategies. Built with flexibility and extensibility in mind, the framework facilitates systematic comparisons between TSAD models and enables in-depth analysis of performance and interpretability. Using this tool, we evaluate several GNN-based architectures alongside baseline models across two real-world datasets with contrasting structural characteristics. Our results show that GNNs not only improve detection performance but also offer significant gains in interpretability, an especially valuable feature for practical diagnosis. We also find that attention-based GNNs offer robustness when graph structure is uncertain or inferred. In addition, we reflect on common evaluation practices in TSAD, showing how certain metrics and thresholding strategies can obscure meaningful comparisons. Overall, this work contributes both practical tools and critical insights to advance the development and evaluation of graph-based TSAD systems.Submitted by Ribeiro Jorge (jribeiro@fing.edu.uy) on 2026-04-13T20:29:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 27293 bytes, checksum: d62648cf14c1e37917d392ac87012955 (MD5) BCFGL26.pdf: 615129 bytes, checksum: be015073ea44f759b0150f5c2d7cb733 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Machado Jimena (jmachado@fing.edu.uy) on 2026-04-14T17:27:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 27293 bytes, checksum: d62648cf14c1e37917d392ac87012955 (MD5) BCFGL26.pdf: 615129 bytes, checksum: be015073ea44f759b0150f5c2d7cb733 (MD5)Made available in DSpace by Luna Fabiana (fabiana.luna@seciu.edu.uy) on 2026-04-14T17:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 27293 bytes, checksum: d62648cf14c1e37917d392ac87012955 (MD5) BCFGL26.pdf: 615129 bytes, checksum: be015073ea44f759b0150f5c2d7cb733 (MD5) Previous issue date: 20269 p.application/pdfenengICPRAMICPRAM 2026 : 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, Marbella, Spain, 02-04 mar. 2026, pp. 1-9.Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0)Multivariate Time SeriesGraph Neural NetworksEvaluation MetricsScore-based Anomaly DetectionMethodological AssessmentGNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluationPonenciainfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionreponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaBello, FedericoChiarlone, GonzaloFiori, MarceloGarcía González, GastónLarroca, FedericoTelecomunicacionesAnálisis de Redes, Tráficos y Estadísticas de Servicios (ARTES)LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84267http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54348/5/license.txt6429389a7df7277b72b7924fdc7d47a9MD55CC-LICENSElicense_urllicense_urltext/plain; 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- Universidad de la Repúblicafalse |
| spellingShingle | GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation Bello, Federico Multivariate Time Series Graph Neural Networks Evaluation Metrics Score-based Anomaly Detection Methodological Assessment |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation |
| title_full | GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation |
| title_fullStr | GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation |
| title_short | GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation |
| title_sort | GNNs for time series anomaly detection : An open-source framework and a critical evaluation |
| topic | Multivariate Time Series Graph Neural Networks Evaluation Metrics Score-based Anomaly Detection Methodological Assessment |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54348 |