Are women and men equally happy at work? Evidence from PhD holders working at the university. The case of Uruguay
Resumen:
The present study focuses on gender differences in job satisfaction as reported by highly educated professors who hold a doctorate at the public university in Uruguay. The data allows us to distinguish between fourteen areas of job satisfaction: wage, benefits, security, location, labor conditions, autonomy, promotion opportunities, intellectual challenge, responsibility, management and administrative support tasks, working environment, contribution to society, social status, infrastructure, as well as overall job satisfaction. After controlling for selection by sector of activity, an issue not commonly addressed in previous studies, our findings stress that female PhD holders report a lower satisfaction with some aspects of their job. For five of the ten areas in which gender disparities were observed, dissatisfaction can be explained by differences in observable characteristics: wages, intellectual challenge, labor conditions, infrastructure, and responsibility, as well as overall job satisfaction. For five other satisfaction domains, i.e. autonomy, promotion opportunities, administrative tasks, security, and contribution to society, we are unable to explain the lower satisfaction levels among women, although plausible explanations point to unobservable characteristics. This is surprising given the nature of the sample, i.e. doctorate holders working at the public university.
El presente estudio analiza las diferencias de género con la satisfacción del empleo de docentes con formación de doctorado en la Universidad de la República, Uruguay. Los datos utilizados nos permiten distinguir satisfacción con el empleo en catorce dimensiones: salario, beneficios, seguridad, ubicación, condiciones laborales, autonomía, oportunidades de ascenso, desafío intelectual, responsabilidad, gestión y soporte a tareas administrativas, ambiente laboral, contribución a la sociedad, estatus social, infraestructura, así como satisfacción global con el empleo. Una vez controlado por el sesgo de selección derivado de la elección del sector de actividad, un tema que no se aborda comúnmente en estudios anteriores, nuestros hallazgos enfatizan que las mujeres con doctorado reportan una menor satisfacción con algunos aspectos de su trabajo. Para cinco de las diez áreas en las que se observaron disparidades de género, la insatisfacción puede explicarse por diferencias en las características observables: salarios, desafío intelectual, condiciones laborales, infraestructura, y responsabilidad, así como la satisfacción laboral general. Para otros cinco dominios de satisfacción, es decir, autonomía, oportunidades de promoción, tareas administrativas, seguridad y contribución a la sociedad, no podemos explicar los niveles más bajos de satisfacción entre las mujeres, aunque posibles explicaciones apuntan a características no observables.
2021 | |
Gender gaps Job satisfaction Skilled workers Uruguay Brechas de género Satisfacción con el empleo Trabajadores altamente calificados EMPLEO CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO ECONOMIA DE GENERO |
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Inglés | |
Universidad de la República | |
COLIBRI | |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/29456 | |
Acceso abierto | |
Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Sin Derivadas (CC - By-NC-ND 4.0) |
Sumario: | The present study focuses on gender differences in job satisfaction as reported by highly educated professors who hold a doctorate at the public university in Uruguay. The data allows us to distinguish between fourteen areas of job satisfaction: wage, benefits, security, location, labor conditions, autonomy, promotion opportunities, intellectual challenge, responsibility, management and administrative support tasks, working environment, contribution to society, social status, infrastructure, as well as overall job satisfaction. After controlling for selection by sector of activity, an issue not commonly addressed in previous studies, our findings stress that female PhD holders report a lower satisfaction with some aspects of their job. For five of the ten areas in which gender disparities were observed, dissatisfaction can be explained by differences in observable characteristics: wages, intellectual challenge, labor conditions, infrastructure, and responsibility, as well as overall job satisfaction. For five other satisfaction domains, i.e. autonomy, promotion opportunities, administrative tasks, security, and contribution to society, we are unable to explain the lower satisfaction levels among women, although plausible explanations point to unobservable characteristics. This is surprising given the nature of the sample, i.e. doctorate holders working at the public university. |
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